摘要
1膜2管6行是新疆机采棉的主要种植模式。为确定该模式适宜的灌溉制度，采用田间试验研究了灌溉频率（F5、F8）与灌水定额（180、160和140）对棉花生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，高频高定额（F5180）与高频中定额（F5160）灌溉可有效降低棉花株高，增加叶面积指数，提高蕾铃生物量在地上部中的比例。灌溉频率相同时，灌水量过高-9过低均不利于棉花增产；灌水定额相同时，高频（F5）较低频（F8）灌溉增产0．59％～1．56％。灌溉制度对棉花纤维品质无显著影响。灌水定额显著影响棉花耗水量及水分利用效率，而灌溉频率对二者影响不显著。研究认为高频（F5）和中灌溉定额（160）是南疆地区机采棉种植模式适宜的灌溉制度，即在全生育期内灌水12次．灌溉定额300mm左右。
In Xinjiang, the mechanical harvest cotton cropping model mainly applies 6 cotton rows with 2 dripping pipes under a plastic film mulching plantation pattern （plantation spacing 10 cm ＋ 66 cm ＋ 10 cm ＋ 66 cm ＋ 10 cm）. To explore optimal irri- gation scheduling of this cropping model, a field experiment was designed using different irrigation frequencies （F5 and F8） and water amounts （I80, 160 and 140）. Cotton plant growth, yield, fiber quality and water use efficiency （WUE） were observed. The results showed that applying high-frequency and full or medium irrigation water amounts effectively controlled crop plant height, increased leaf area index and improved boll ratio in shoot biomass. With the same frequency, application of high or low water amounts was not beneficial to boll weight and yield improvement. When using the same water amount, however, high irri- gation frequency increased seed cotton yield by 0.59 to 1.56 percent. Irrigation scheduling in this experiment had no significant effects on cotton fiber quality. Crop evapotranspiration （ETc） and WUE were significantly affected by applied water amount, but they had no obvious connection with irrigation frequency. Applying high irrigation frequency（F5） and medium water amount （160） was regarded as optimal irrigation scheduling under this cotton mechanical harvest cropping model in southern Xinjiang re- gions. This scheduling was 12 irrigations and about 300 mm water applied over the entire growth stage.
出处
《棉花学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期41-48,共8页
Cotton Science
基金
现代农业棉花产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-18-19)
关键词
棉花
膜下滴灌
种植模式
机采棉
灌溉制度
cotton
drip irrigation under plastic mulch
plantation pattern
mechanical harvest cotton
irrigation scheduling
