摘要
目的将我国职业卫生标准GBZ2．1中规定的与ACGIH于2013年发布的化学有害因素职业接触限值（OELs）数量、水平、制定和管理过程等方面进行系统比较，并提出我国职业卫生标准制修订过程中优先考虑的化学物质OELs及有关建议，为制定职业卫生标准规划计划提供基础数据和参考。方法将GBZ2．1中规定的OELs与美国ACGIH2013年采纳的化学有害因素OELs按照不同类型的限值建立比较分析数据库，并进行限值的数量、具体职业性有害因素的具体值及其关键效应、法律地位、制定原则、制定依据、制定条件、制定程序、关键效应、化学有害因素的致癌性标识的应用、化学有害因素的致敏性标识的应用、化学有害因素的经皮标识的应用、非常规工作制下对OELs的调整、联合作用的概念及其应用、超限倍数的概念和应用及对颗粒物的标识等方面的比较分析。结果（1）GBZ2．1中共规定了339种化学有害因素的OELs，美国ACGIH2013年已采纳TLVs的化学有害因素有656种。GBZ2．1有OELs而ACGIH未规定OELs的化学有害因素只有52个；ACGIH有OELs，GBZ2．1中无OELs的化学有害因素共有371个。在GBZ2．1和ACGIH中均规定了OELs的化学有害因素共260种，涉及302个OELs，其中GBZ2．1有47个比ACGIH宽，96个比ACGIH严，81个与ACGIH相近，77个与ACGIH相等。（2）化学有害因素的致癌性、致敏性和经皮标识的应用方面我国尚未制定评估的指南性文件；（3）在非常规工作制调整指南方面我国即将出台更详细的标准；（4）我国与ACGIH在限值制定和管理程序的多个方面仍存在较大差距。我国OELs制定的管理和审批程序较为繁琐，但与ACGIH相比，科学性和可行性不足。结论（1）我国应尽快制定化学有害因素的致癌性、致敏性和经皮标识评估的指南性文件。（2）应尽快确定我国OELs研究的工作重点，缩小我国OELs与发达国家的差距，满足社会经济发展的需求。优先调整过宽和过严的OELs；对ACGIH已有OELs但GBZ2．1中尚未制定OELs的371种化学有害因素，应根据我国职业卫生实践确定需要优先制定职业接触限值的重点有害因素。（3）应采用系统性综述的方法，为修订OELs提供最新的科学证据。（4）尽快解决我国对超限倍数的理解和应用问题，非常规工作制下调整OELs，阐述和应用联合作用，标识化学有害因素OELs所适用的化学有害因素的物理状态等几个重要的关键技术问题。
Objective To systematically compare occupational exposure limits（OELs） in GBZ 2.1 with the ones in TLV-CS of ACGIH on quantity, level, procedures of management etc.; to propose priority chemicals for establishing OELs and suggestions on the revisions of occupational health standards; to provide basic scientific evidence for the planning and development of occupational health standards, Method Compilation of a database on OELs in GBZ 2.1 and in TLV-CS of ACGIH according to types of exposure limits, and comparison of the data in the two systems on the values of exposure limits, quantitative descriptions of specific occupational hazards, legal status, TLV-CS setting up principles,basis,condition and procedures, key adverse effect, application of carcinogenicity/sensitization/skin notations, adjustment of OELs for unusual work schedules, the concept and application of combined effects, the concept and application of Excursion Limits, the identity of particles, and analysis of the comparison result. Results （1）There are 339 chemical substancesincluded in GBZ 2.1 and 656 in TLV-CS in ACGIH. （2）The number of the chemical substances in GBZ 2.1 with specified OELs but not included in TLV-CS of ACGIH is 52; the chemical substances with OELs in TLV- CS of ACGIH but not in GBZ 2.1 are 371. （3）There are 260 chemical substances which have OELs in both GBZ 2.1 and ACGIH and with a total of 302 OELs, among them, 47 OELs are higher and 96 are lower in the GBZ 2.1 than the ones in TLV-CS of ACGIH, 81 of them are similar, and 77 are the same in the two. （4） Guidelines on notations of carcinogenicity, sensitization and skin in China need to be developed. （5）Guidelines for adjustment of OELs for unusual work schedules need to be adopted in China. （6）There is still a wide gap between OELs in GBZ 2.1 and in TLV-CS of ACGIH in many aspects. The management and approval procedures of China in setting up OELs are more bureaucratic, and the biological plausibility and feasibility aspects should be strengthed. Conclusions （1）Evaluation guidelines on risk assessment on notations of carcinogenicity, sensitization and skin need to be formulated in China. （2）A priority list in setting up OELs in China needs to be determined. Priority needs to be given to review and revision of the OELs which are significantly different from the ones in TLV-CS of ACGIH but without support of adequate scientific evidence. Prioriy should also be given to chemical substances which have no OELs in GBZ 2.1 but have specific OELs in TLV-CS of ACGIH. （3）Periodic and systematic review and revision of the existing OELs should be conduced based on the state-of-the-art scientific data, peer-critidal-review and public opinion. （4）Important technical issues in GBZ 2.1 need to be elaborated and examined, including the concept of excursion limits, adjustment of OELs for unusual work schedules, the concept and application of synergetic effect, description of the forms and physical charactoristics of chemical substances.
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期1-26,共26页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
基金
“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目“卫生安全重要技术标准研制”（2006BAK04A11）
国家职业卫生标准制（修）订重点专项：应对职业病防治法修改,梳理、清理数十项职业卫生标准（20120201）
