摘要
应用 1 998年全国营养监测现场调查资料 ,重点分析我国城市与农村 6岁以下儿童2周呼吸系统与腹泻患病情况、变化趋势、疾病对儿童生长发育的影响 ,并分析儿童因病所造成的经济损失。资料显示 ,1 998年我国城市与农村 6岁以下儿童 2周呼吸系统患病率城市高于农村 ,分别为 2 3.75%和 2 1 .97% ,但其中贫困农村又高于城市为 2 6.0 3%。患病年龄特点是 2岁以内的儿童呼吸系统患病农村高于城市 ,而 2岁以后城市高于农村。患病高峰农村在 6～ 1 8个月 ,而城市在 3～ 4岁之间。与 1 990年比较 ,1 998年儿童呼吸系统患病在城市上升了 9.5个百分点 ,农村上升了 6.9个百分点。6岁以下儿童 2周腹泻患病率农村高于城市 ,分别为 7.0 %和 4.31 % ,而贫困农村最高为 1 0 .36%。儿童腹泻患病率随年龄上升而下降 ,患病高峰在 6～ 1 2个月 ,各个年龄段患病率农村均高于城市。1 998与 1 990年相比 ,城市从 9.4%下降为 4.3% ,农村从 1 3.0 %降为 7.0 %。2岁以内营养不良婴幼儿的呼吸系统与腹泻患病率都显著高于正常儿童。凡患有呼吸系统与腹泻的婴幼儿平均身高与体重都显著低于正常儿童。采用成本效益方法 ,对 1 998年 40 0例 6岁以下儿童按其 2周呼吸系统与腹泻患病率估算的经济损失城市为 1 1 793元 ,农村 5458元。
Based on the data collected from the CFNSS in 1998, the status and trends of respiratory infection and diarrhea of children and the economic losses caused by the two diseases were analyzed.The prevalence of two week respiratory infection of urban children under 6 was 23 75% and 21 97% in the general rural, and 26 03% in poor rural. The peak of respiratory infection of rural children was at 6-18 months, but in the urban, that was at age of 3-4 years. Before 2 year of age, the respiratory infection was higher in the rural, and after that age it was higher in the urban. Since 1990, the prevalence of respiratory infection went up and increased 9 5 percentage points over 8 years in the urban, the percentage point of increase was 6 9 in the rural during the same period. In 1998, the prevalence of diarrhea of rural children under 6 was 7 0%, higher than in the urban, which was 4 3%. The prevalence reduced from 9 4% to 4 3% during 1990-1998 in the urban, and in the rural from 13 0% to 7 0%. Weight and height of children with diarrhea incidence were significantly lower than children without diarrhea. Calculation based on the cost for the episodes of the two diseases and the disease prevalence was made and estimate of the economic losses was 11793 yuan (RMB) for urban, 5458 yuan (RMB) for rural areas.
出处
《卫生研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2000年第5期283-287,共5页
Journal of Hygiene Research
基金
联合国儿童基金会与卫生部合作项目!--营养监测
政策与教育 (CPR YH0 0 1- 0 4)
关键词
营养监测
成本效益
呼吸系统疾病
腹泻
儿童
malnutrition, nutrition surveillance, prevalence, cost and benefit
