摘要
北京延庆县西屯墓地共出土人骨标本510例,性别明确者406例,鉴定率为79.6%,年龄段明确者446例,鉴定率87%。男性标本175例,女性标本231例,男女性比例为0.75:1。510例个体时代分属于汉、唐、魏晋、辽、北朝、明、明清和清。为研究该墓地人口变化规律,把墓地按时代顺序划分为三组:汉代组、北朝组和明清组,通过对三组样本的人口学分析得出以下结论:性别,汉代组至明清组性比例反映出一个由低到正常再到低的时代变化规律,具体各年龄段的性比例存在着相似性,即随着年龄段的递增,性比例也表现出增加的趋势;年龄,汉代组至明清组平均死亡年龄呈增长趋势。男性平均死亡年龄高于女性的现象,自汉代就已出现,并一直延续到明清,各年龄段死亡率3个时代组基本一致,只是汉代组死亡高峰期集中在壮年,北朝组和明清组则集中在中年,从而反映出随着时代的进步,古人的寿命表现出增加的规律。
Five hundred ten human bones excavated from Xitun cemetery in Yanqing County,Beijing City. The genders of 406 human bones are clear and definite. Proportion of authentication is 79.6%. Theage groups of 446 human bones are clear and definite. Proportion of authentication is 87%. Thereare 175 male samples and 231 female samples. Sex ratio is 0.75：1. Individuals of 510 samples belong to Han Dynasty,Tang Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties, Liao Dynasty,the Northern Dynasties, Ming Dynasty, Ming-Qing Dynasties and Qing Dynasty. In order to study the change rules of population of this cemetery, it is divided into three groups according to the order of age ： Han Dynasty Group, the Northern Dynasties and Ming-Qing Dynasties. We get the following conclusions through analysis demography from these three groups. Gender：The gender from Han Dynasty to Ming-Qing Dynasties reflects area change rule from low to normal, and then to low. Sex ratio of each age group exists similarity ： sex ratio will increase along with increasing of age group; Age： There is a growing trend in the mean death age of whole group from Hart Dynasty to Ming-Qing Dynasties,and mean death age of males exceeds females. This trend appears in Han Dynasty and continues to Ming-Qing Dynasties. Death rate of each age group in the three era groups is basically the same. Only the death peak is in maturity of Han Dynasty while the Northern Dynasties and Ming-Qing Dynasties are in middle age, which can reflect that the lifetime of the ancients increase gradually as the time progress.
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期60-65,共6页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
国家哲学社会科学基金重大项目(批准号:11&ZD182)
国家基础科学人才培养基金现代考古学特殊学科点项目(批准号:J1210007)
吉林大学博士研究生交叉学科科研计划项目(批准号:2012JC002)共同资助
关键词
性别
年龄
人口学
北京
考古
gender, age, demography, Beijing, archaeology
