摘要
乙烯是迄今为止所发现的 5大类植物激素之一 ,它广泛存在于植物体中 ,对植物的生长发育 ,特别是植物的成熟和衰老起着十分重要的调节作用。研究还发现 ,乙烯参与逆境条件 (热害、冷害、旱害、涝害、盐害、紫外线和重金属离子等 )下植物的胁迫反应 ,影响到植物体内一系列胁迫反应的开始和植物抗性的变化。近年来又发现乙烯参与植物的抗病反应 ,尤其是转反义乙烯形成酶基因植物的抗病性研究倍受重视。人们虽然在转反义乙烯形成酶基因植物的抗病性方面做了大量的工作 ,积累了相当多的资料 ,发现植物的抗病性与乙烯密切相关 ,但由于该研究尚处在初期 ,研究还不系统 ,乙烯在植物抗病反应中的作用机理也不十分清楚 ,因此需要系统整理和更加深入细致的研究。反义基因技术的成功应用 ,不仅为深入研究乙烯在植物体内的作用机理提供了方便 ,也为培育植物新品种提供了快速有效且专一性极强的育种新途径。本文将系统介绍乙烯在植物生长发育中的作用以及利用反义基因技术控制乙烯的生物合成、从而达到控制植物生长和发育之目的研究进展 ,重点叙述乙烯在植物抗病作用以及转反义乙烯形成酶基因植物的抗病性研究的最新进展 ,同时对倍受重视的反义基因技术的原理及特点也做较为全面和细致的介绍。
Ethylene, a simple organic molecule with complex biological function, has profound and versatile effects on the growth and development of higher plants as a plant hormone. These effects include promoting fruit ripening, flowering and leaf senescence, petal and leaf abscission, inhibiting seedling elongation, stimulating root initiation, relating to the sexual differentiation of flower in cucumber, promoting initiation of the flowering of pineapples, and increasing latex flow in rubber trees and so on. It is recently reported that ethylene has outstanding effect in disease resistance of plant, however, the metabolism of ethylene in disease resistance of plant is not clear. As the antisense gene technique has been applied to higher plants, the more and more antisense transgenic plants containing antisense ethylene forming genes have been obtained. Therefore it is a successful way to control effect of ethylene on the growth and development of higher plants by controlling its biosynthesis by antisense RNA, and also a successful breeding way to obtain expected transgenic plants. This paper summarizes the effect of ethylene on the growth and development of higher plants, especially on disease resistance of plants.The antisense gene technique and the current work on the studies of transgenic plants containing antisense ethylene forming genes are also introduced.
出处
《林业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2000年第4期77-84,共8页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
关键词
乙烯
植物生长发育
抗病性
反义基因技术
Ethylene, Growth and development of plant, Disease resistance, Antisense gene technique
