摘要
目的了解珠海市居民膳食营养素摄入与膳食结构现况,为制定适合当地实际的营养相关政策,指导居民合理膳食提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层与人口比例概率抽样方法,按家庭抽样为单位进行入户调查,以个人72h膳食回顾结合家庭调味品称重获取膳食信息,根据《中国食物成分表2004》计算人均各营养素及能量摄入数据,运用Access建立数据库,采用SPSS 12.0进行统计分析。结果完成膳食调查540户(城市330户,农村210户),共1 653人,平均3.1人/户;2岁及以上居民中,城市人口占63.04%,男性占46.88%;居民平均每标准人日摄入能量基本达到推荐参考值,为2 085.8 Kcal,占RNI的92.70%,蛋白质的摄入量(84.0 g)超过推荐参考值,膳食纤维(9.8 g)、维生素B1(0.9 mg)、和维生素B2(1.0 mg)钙(487.3 mg)等摄入量明显低于推荐参考值;每标准人日摄入的豆类(10.8 g)、水果(42.9 g)、薯类(12.4 g)和奶类(41.4 g)过低,以农村居民更甚(P<0.05),畜禽肉类(181.2 g)、油酯(39.3 g)和食盐(8.8 g)则过高,且城乡居民基本一致;碳水化合物提供的能量占总能量比例偏低(43.83%),脂肪提供的能量占比例偏高(40.39%);谷类提供的能量占总能量的比例过低,占33.37%,动物性食物提供的能量占比例过高,占30.54%,蛋白质食物来源中动物性食物已超过60.00%。结论珠海市居民基本营养素摄入得到满足,但膳食营养不平衡,主食消费较低,高脂食物摄入过多,膳食结构不尽合理,应针对性地对城乡居民开展营养健康教育,引导其合理膳食。
Objective To find out dietary intake and diet composition in Zhuhai,for establishing proper nutrition-related policies, and provide guidelines for the rational diet. Methods Multi-stage stratified and proportional probability sampling method were used. Household survey based on the family unit was conducted. 72 hours of individual dietary recall and condiment weight were performed to acquire dietary information, including average nutrition calculation and energy intake on the basis of China Food Composition,2004. Microsoft Access 2007 was used to establish a database and SPSS 12. 0 for statistical analysis. Results 540 households （330 in city and 210 in rural area） ,1 653 residents in total,were investigated. Among the residents aged 2 years old and above,urban population was 63.04% ,male,46. 88%. The average daily energy intake （2 085. 8 Keal,92. 70% of RNI） reached the basic reference values recommended. Protein intake （84. 0 g） exceeded the recommended reference value. The intake of dietary fiber （9. 8 g） ,vitamin BI（0. 9 mg） ,vitamin B2（ 1.0 mg）, calcium（487.3 rag） were significantly lower than the recommended reference value. The intake of bean （ 10. 8 g） ,fruit （42. 9 g） ,potato （ 12.4 g） and milk （41.4 g） per day were too low,especially in rural residents （P〈0.05）. The intake of meat （ 181.2 g,oil （39. 3 g） and salt （8. 8 g） per day were too high,and it was similar both in urban and rural areas. The proportion of energy provided by carbohydrates in the total energy composition was low （43.83%） ; while fat provided higher proportion （ 40. 39%）. The proportion of energy provided by grain was the lowest, and animal food provided the highest （ 30. 54% ）.Over 60. 00% of protein intake was from animal source. Conclusion Overall, the essential nutrients intake in Zhuhai residents was satisfactory. HowEver,too low staple food intake and too high fat food intake resulted in the imbalanced dietary nutrition intake. Due to the irrational diet structure, health education and guidance on improving irrational diet are needed for both urban and rural residents.
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2013年第6期17-20,共4页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
基金
珠海市科技计划项目(NO.2012066)
