摘要
根据我国658个站1981～2010年日气象观测数据,以日平均气温稳定≥10℃的日数、年干燥度、7月平均气温为划分温度带、干湿区、气候区的主要指标,以1月平均气温、年降水量为温度带、干湿区划分的辅助指标,并参考日平均气温稳定≥10℃的积温及极端最低气温的多年平均值等指标,对我国1981～2010年气候状况进行了区划,将我国分为12个温度带、24个干湿区、56个气候区.与1951～1980年相比,受气候增暖影响,1981～2010年间我国东部多个温度带界线出现了北移,其中暖温带北界东段最大北移超过1个纬度,北亚热带北界东段平均北移1个纬度,中亚热带北界中段最大北移2个纬度,南亚热带北界西段北移0.5～2.0个纬度;西部因受地形影响,温度带水平移动不显著,但在青藏高原有亚寒带范围缩小、温带范围扩大趋势.同时,因华北、东北东南部、西北东部降水减少,北方半干旱与半湿润分界线东移与南进,其中36°～41°N间的移动幅度达0.5～2.5经度;但西北的河西走廊、新疆及青藏高原的干旱区、半干旱区总体转湿.
The scheme of climate regionalization in China was conducted by the classification criteria of temperature zone, arid/humid region and climatic sub-region, and the variables used in the criteria were calculated as mean values of the 30 years by using the daily meteorological data of 658 stations from 1981 to 2010. In the classification criteria, the temperature zones were classified by the general guideline of the days with dailytemperature steady above 10℃, and the secondary guideline of January mean temperature, or by their referenced variables including the accumulated temperature with daily temperature steady above 10℃ and annual minimum temperature, respectively. The arid/humid regions were classified by the annual aridity index and annual precipitation amount in turn. The climatic sub-regions were classified by the July mean temperature. The result shows that China can be divided into 12 temperature zones, 24 arid/humid regions and 56 climatic sub-regions. Compared with the climate regionalization scheme for the period of 1951- 1980, several boundaries of temperature zones in eastern.China shifted northward in 1981-2010 due to the climate warming. The east part of the northern boundary of warm temperate zone shifted more than 1.0° at a maximum. On average, the east part of the northern boundary of north subtropical zone shifted 1.0°. The middle part of the northern boundary of mid-subtropical zone shifted 2.0° at a maximum. The west part of the northern boundary of south subtropical zone shifted 0.50-2.0°. In West China, the shift of temperature zone was not significant in horizontal due to the vertical landform. However, the plateau sub-cold zone was shrunk while the plateau temperate zone was enlarged in the Tibetan Plateau. Because precipitation decreased in North China, southeastern part of Northeast China and eastern part of Northwest China, the boundary of the semi-arid and sub-humid region in Northern China shifted eastward and southward, and in which, the boundary between 36°-41°N shifted 0.5°-2.5°at longitude. Moreover, the climate in the most of arid regions and semi-arid regions in Hexi Corridor, Xinjiang and the Tibetan Plateau changed to be more humid.
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第30期3088-3099,共12页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106018)
全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划(2010CB950103)
科技基础性工作专项(2011FY120300)资助
关键词
中国
1981~2010年
气候区划
区划界线变化
China, 1981-2010, cfimate regionalization, shift of boundaries of regionalization
