摘要
隧道内CO对人体健康有重要影响,CO浓度控制是隧道污染物控制的关键参数。我国现行的CO浓度控制标准主要针对公路特别是高速公路制定,目前尚无城市道路隧道的CO浓度控制标准。通过分析血液血红蛋白中碳氧血红蛋白(COHb)比例对人体健康的影响规律,将血液中碳氧血红蛋白占血红蛋白的2.0%设定为隧道内CO浓度控制限值的制定依据。根据人体在一定环境和CO浓度下血液中碳氧血红蛋白浓度与暴露时间之间的关系建立了人车混行和汽车专用隧道CO浓度限值模型,提出了城市人车混行隧道最大长度限制值和适用于城市隧道的CO体积比精细化控制推荐标准。
This paper is aimed to present our research finding on the carbon monoxide emission control limits in urban tunnels based on the exposure time. As a matter of fact, carbon monoxide （CO） has a sig- nificant adverse impact on human health, which leads to the necessity to call for necessary control measures. In China, there hasn＇t been clear-cut official regulation and standard over the monoxide pollutioncontrol, particularly in the urban road or subway tunnel construction. However, it has become a real urgency to call for such a control due to a number of pollution accidents with the urban road tunnels. The current criteria of highway code in China about CO concentration con- trol mainly demands that when the tunnel length is less than 1 000 m, the CO concentration limit should be set to 1.5 ~ 10- 4, while for the tunnel length is more than 2 000 m, the standard CO concentration control limit should be 104. Thus, it can be seen that the control cri- teria for urban tunnels seem to be too rough. Based on the Coburn- Forster-Kane（CFK） equation, the general approach is to account for the COHb concentration in human blood while paying attention to the relationship between the exposure time and the concentration of CO exposure. Meanwhile, when analyzing the effects of carboxy hemoglobin proportion of hemoglobin in the blood on human health, it takes 2.0 percent of hemoglobin in the blood as carboxy hemoglobin criterion to work out for the carbon monoxide concentration control limit model for the pedestrian-vehicle mixed tunnel and vehicle only tunnel with different time lengths. For example, with the increase of the tunnel length, the increase of the monoxide tends to reduce the traffic capacity remarkably. In order to meet both the traffic demand and human health need under CO environment of pedestrians, a max- imum length limit of a two-lane tunnel should be limited to 900 - 1 010 m, whereas for a three-lane tunnel, the maximum length should be limited in the range of 950- 1 160 m. And, finally, we have es- tablished a recommended standard for carbon monoxide concentration limit both for the man-and-vehicle mixed tunnel and vehicle only tun- nel in urban areas based on the actual exposure time under the CO environment of human body. The result we have gained can serve as a support for urban tunnel design and decision-making especially in ventilation management.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第5期190-194,共5页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
重庆市建设科技计划项目(城科字2009第51号)
关键词
交通运输安全工程
隧道
城市
一氧化碳浓度
控制限值
暴露时间
traffic and transportation safety engineering
tunnel
ur- ban
carbon monoxide concentration
control limits
exposure time
