摘要
我国城市化发展既提高了城市居民收入水平同时又增加了碳排放。本文使用56个城市的微观家庭数据,在各个城市层面上建立不同类型能源消耗的行为方程,对包含固定收入、家庭规模和户主年龄的标准家庭居住碳排放进行有效的估算,同时对跨城市差异进行分析解释。结果表明,在以标准家庭居住碳排放为唯一衡量标准时,东川市和蚌埠市是碳排放最少的城市,而新乡市与郑州市则是碳排放最多的城市,很多低排放城市位于秦岭-淮河南北分界线的南侧,大城市排放要高于中小城市。通过对城市收入弹性的估算,发现相对富裕的家庭会增加消耗清洁燃料。一个家庭从低排放城市移动到高排放城市造成的环境成本占家庭年均收入的6.6%,同时低密度城市发展模式以及具有严寒气候的城市都会增加居住碳排放。这些实证研究结果可以辅助城市规划和城市管理者进行"低碳城市"或"低碳生活模式"等相关政策的制定。
China urbanization increases both urban capital income and greenhouse gas emissions.This paper uses micro data,builds a behavior model to measure carbon emissions from standardized household with fixed income,family size and the age of the household head,and also interprets cross-city differences.The paper ranks 56 major Chinese cities with respect to their household carbon footprints and finds that low-emissions cities based on this criterion are Dongchuan and Bengbu while the high-emissions cities are Xinxiang and Zhengzhou.Many low-emission cities are located on the south side of the Qinling-Huai River.Emissions from large cities are higher than small and medium-sized cities.With income elasticity estimates,we found that richer cities will increase the use of clean energy.We find that moving the average household from the greenest city to the brownest would cause the environmental costs,which is roughly 6.6％ of average year＇s income.While low-density urban development patterns and the city with cold climate will increase residential carbon emissions.These findings can help urban planning and city managers formulate polices about ＂low-carbon city＂ or ＂low-carbon lifestyle＂.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第10期87-94,共8页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目"西部民生诉求下的碳减排实现途径及扶持政策研究"(编号:71173169)
国家社会科学基金重大项目"完善生态补偿机制研究"(编号:12&ZD072)
中国博士后科学基金资助项目"西部城市群碳减排约束条件及减排机理研究"(编号:2013M532067)
陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目"陕西省低碳城市发展模式研究"(编号:12JK0141)
陕西省重点学科建设专项资金资助项目(编号:E08001)
关键词
居住碳排放
标准家庭
收入弹性
环境成本
residential carbon emissions
standardized household
elasticity of income
environmental costs
