摘要
目标管理不是计划管理,不是任务管理,而是一个激励系统,而且是在管理哲学层面。目标管理的内在逻辑是:目标→责任→(自我)控制→成就,因此,目标管理的本质和精髓是成就激励。目标管理理论必须随着人性假设和管理情境的不断变化而发展。从人性假设的发展来看,经历了经济人、社会人、复杂人和自我实现人,进入了文化人时代,崇尚创造成为其时代特征。从管理情境的变化来看,人类社会经历了工业社会、信息社会,步入了知识社会,知识成为真正的权力话语。20世纪90年代后,后现代主义以其"极其丰富、复杂的思想和理论内涵"深刻地影响着人们的思维与生存观念,其思想核心是倡导对人性的精神解放,充分释放人的创造性和活力,这与知识社会背景下倡导人性关怀及和谐管理一脉相承。从后现代视角重新审视德鲁克的目标管理,是对目标管理理论的传承和发展。目标管理的本质和内涵在于,共同目标和责任管理是起点,自我管理、参与式管理及信息反馈是手段和途径,成就管理则是核心和终极目标。目标管理既具有非理性,反对中心和权威,"主体—客体"平等等内在的后现代本质属性,同时也具有推崇多元思维、差异化,倡导仁爱、消解对立等积极进步的后现代意蕴。目标管理将随着管理学性质的演化从世俗管理走向信仰管理,直至无为而治。
Management by objectives （MBO） is not a project management and a task management, but an incentive system and a management philosophy. Internal logic of MBO is： objectives →responsibility→（self） control →achievement, therefore, the nature and essence of MBO is： achievement motivation. MBO requires a dynamic development with the changing of human assumptions and management situations. Human assumptions have developed into the era of intellectuals and advocating creativity is the period features. Managernent situations have ushered a knowledge society and knowledge becomes a real power discourse. The core idea of postmodernism is to advocate the spirit of the liberation of humanity and the full release of human creativity and vitality, which is the same strain with advocating harmonious management and human caring within the context of the knowledge society. Re-examine Drucker＇ s MBO in a postmodern perspective is a inheritance and development to MBO theory. The nature and content of MBO are： common goals and responsibilities are the starting point, self-management, participatory management and information feedback are means and ways, achievements management is the core and the ultimate goal.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第10期20-28,共9页
Academic Monthly
关键词
目标管理
人性假设
知识工作者
后现代
management by objectives, assumption of human nature, knowledge worker, post-modern
