摘要
在沃森实验中,否定后件式的正确率显著低于肯定前件式的正确率,其主要原因是否定加工困难:在肯定语境中,否定难以激活,因此,肯定转化为否定困难;同时,否定意味着不确定性,对不确定性的恐惧是人类的普遍心理,这也大大增加了否定加工的难度。此外,实验中的重要概念"逻辑等价"涉及到深层理论问题,对这一概念的澄清,有助于我们更深刻地理解沃森实验。文章最后,基于对沃森实验的分析,讨论了逻辑与心理的关系。
In Wason＇s selection task, the main reason why the right rate of modus tollens is much lower than modes ponens is that negation processing is difficult. In the text of positive atmosphere, negation is difficult to be activated, so, transiting affirmation to negation is difficult. At the same time, negation means indetermination, which is difficult to be processed, too. So, fears to indetermination is universal among human beings. Besides, the term ＂logical equivalence ＂ includes some deep level theoretical problems, which is favorable for us to understand Wason＇s selection task more deeply if it is clarified. At last, we discuss the relationship between logics and psychology based on the analysis of Wason＇ s selection task.
出处
《自然辩证法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第10期3-8,共6页
Studies in Dialectics of Nature
关键词
沃森实验
否定后件式
否定效应
逻辑等价
证实
心理学
Wason＇s selection task
modus tollens
modus ponens
negation effect
logical equivalence
confirmation
psychology
