摘要
选取800尾初始体质量为(0.83±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),随机分成5组,分别投喂添加β-葡聚糖(βG)、硒(Se)和维生素E(VE)的饲料,其组合和添加量分别为:0、300 mg/kgβG、300 mg/kgβG+0.2 mg/kg Se、300 mg/kgβG+100 mg/kg VE、300 mg/kgβG+0.2 mg/kg Se+100 mg/kg VE,记为G0、G1、G2、G3和G4,养殖35 d,养殖结束后,采用肌肉注射法对凡纳滨对虾进行白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)感染。结果显示,养殖结束时G2组对虾增重率最高,比G1组提高6.4%;饵料系数比G1组降低6.3%,显著低于G1组(P<0.05);G3组对虾存活率显著低于G0和G1组(P<0.05)。与G0组相比,G4组对虾血细胞总数和血清酚氧化酶活性显著升高(P<0.05);与G1组相比,G2 G4组血细胞总数和酚氧化酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05),但溶菌酶活性显著升高(P<0.05)。G3组酸性磷酸酶活性显著低于G4组(P<0.05);G2组碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于其他各添加组(P<0.05),而与G0组差异不显著(P>0.05)。G4组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于其他4组(P<0.05);谷胱甘肽转移酶活性在各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。G1组过氧化氢酶活性显著高于G2和G4组(P<0.05)。超氧化物歧化酶活性以G2组最高,显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);G1和G3组次之,分别显著高于G0和G4组(P<0.05)。G1、G2和G4组血清丙二醛含量较低,分别显著低于G0和G3组(P<0.05);抗超氧阴离子活性较高,分别显著高于G3组(P<0.05)。与G1组相比,G3组总抗氧化能力显著升高(P<0.05)。注射WSSV粗提液72 h时,对虾的累积死亡率以G0组最高,G1 G4的累积死亡率呈现降低的趋势,其中G2和G4组显著降低(P<0.05),其相对保护率分别为30.8%和26.9%。结果表明,βG与Se联合添加能一定程度提高凡纳滨对虾生长性能,降低饵料系数;与单独添加βG相比较,βG与Se联合添加或βG与Se、VE三者联合添加均能显著提高凡纳滨对虾的非特异性免疫、抗氧化能力和抗病力。
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of combined addition of β-glucan（βG） with selenium （Se） and vitamin E （VE） on the growth performance, serum immune, and antioxidant indexes, and disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. Eight hundred juvenile shrimps with an initial body weight of （0.83±0.02） g were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed one of five diets with added βG, Se, and VE. The combination and levels were 0, 300 mg/kg βG, 300 mg/kg βG＋0.2 mg/kg Se, 300 mg/kg βG＋100 mg/kg VE, and 300 mg/kg βG＋0.2 mg/kg Se＋100 mg/kg VE, named G0, G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively. After 35 d feeding, the shrimps were infected with white spot syndrome virus（WSSV）. The results showed that, weight gain rate（WGR） was highest in G2, which was significantly higher than that of G1 by 6.4% （P〉0.05） and the feed conversion ratio（FCR） exhibited a reverse change （P〈0.05）. Survival rate（SR） in G3 was significantly lower than in G0 and G1 （P〈0.05）. Total hemocyte count （THC） and phenoloxidase （PO） activity increased significantly in G4 （P〈0.05） compared with G0. No significant differences were observed in THC and PO activity in G2-G4 compared with G1 （P〉0.05）; however, lysozyme（LZM） activity increased significantly （P〈0.05）. Acidic phosphatase（ACP） activity in G3 was significantly lower than that in G4（P〈0.05）. Alkaline phosphatase （AKP） activity in G2 was significantly higher than that in the other three treatment groups （P〈0.05）. Glutathione peroxidase （GSH-PX） activity in G4 increased significantly compared with the other four groups （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference among the five groups in glutathione transferase （GST） activity （P〉0.05）. Catalase （CAT） activity was highest in G1, being significantly higher than that in G2 and G4 （P〈0.05）. The highest value of superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was observed in G2, followed by G1 and G3. The former was significantly different compared with the other four groups （P〈0.05）, and the latter two were increased significantly in comparison to G0 and G4 （P〈0.05）. Malondialdehyde （MDA） content in G1, G2 and G4 decreased significantly compared with G0 and G3 （P〈0.05）. Anti-superoxide anion （Anti-O2-） radical activity in G1, G2, and G4 was significantly higher than that in G3 （P〈0.05）. Compared with G1, total antioxidant （T-AOC） capacity in G3 increased significantly （P〈0.05）. After 72 h of WSSV infection, the highest cumulative mortality rate （AMR） was observed in G0, AMR in G1-G4 were lower, with a significant decrease in G2 and G4 （P〈0.05）.The relative percent survival （RPS） in these two groups was 30.8% and 26.9%, respectively. In conclusion, the combined addition of βG＋Se or βG＋Se＋VE might improve non-specific immunity, antioxidant capacity, and resistance to the white spot syndrome virus （WSSV） in Litopenaeus vannamei.
出处
《中国水产科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第5期997-1006,共10页
Journal of Fishery Sciences of China
基金
广东省自然科学基金团队项目(10351064001000000)
广东省省院合作项目(2009B091300136)
关键词
Β-葡聚糖
硒
维生素E
凡纳滨对虾
生长
非特异性免疫
抗氧化
抗病力
Litopenaeus vannamei
β-glucan
selenium
vitamin E
growth performance
non-specific immunity
antioxidant capacity
disease resistance
