3Ishii H, Udagawa H, Yanase H, et al. 1985. Resistance of V enturia nashicola to thiophanate-methyl and benomyl: build-up and decline of resistance in the field. Plant Pathol, 34:363-368.
4Ishii H, Udagawa H, Nishimoto S, et al. 1992a. Scab resis- tance in pear species and cultivars. Acta Phytopathol Entomol Hungarica, 27: 293-298.
5lshii H, Vanraak M, lnoue I. 1992b. Limitations in the exploi tation of N-phenylcarbamates and N-phenylformamidoximes to control benzimidazole- resistant Venturia nashicola on Japanese pear. Plant Pathol, 41:543-553.
6Cools H J, lshii H, Butters JA, et al. 2002. Cloning and sequence analysis of eburicol 14a-demethylase encoding gene (CYP51) from the Japanese pear scab thngus Venturia nashicola. J Phy- topathol, 150:444-450.
7Catherine S, Steve E. 2006. Germination at different water activities of similarly aged Metarhizium conidia harvested from ageing cultures. J Stored Prod Res 47: 157-160.
5Brown A G. Scab resistance in progenies of varieties of the cultivated pear [ J. Euphytica, 1960, 9 (2): 247- 253.
6Crane M B, Lewis D. Genetic studies in pears vegetative and fruit characters [Jl. Heredity, 1949, (3): 85-97.
7Stanton W R. Breeding pears for resistance to the pear scab fungus, Venturia pirina Aderh : 11. The study of field resist- ance on selected pear seedling pear families under controlled conditions [ J ]. Annuals Applied. Biolology, 1953, 40: 192 - 196.
8Ishii H, Yanase H. Venturia nashicola, the scab fungus of Japanese and Chinese pears : a species distinct from V. pirina [J]. Mycological Research, 2000, 104:755 -759.
9Postman J D, Spotts R A, Calabro J. Scab resistance in Pyrus germplasm [ J ]. Acta Horticultural, 2005, 671: 601 - 608.
10Bol JF, Linthoost HJM. Plant pathogenesis-related proteinsinduce by virus infection [J]. Ann Rev Phytopathol, 1990, 28: 113-138.