1Susan H. Fyhrman, The New Accountability, CPRE Policy Briefs, RB - 27. University of Penngylvanis: CPRE.
2Charles Abelmann and Richard Elmore, When Accountability Knocks, Will Anyone Answer > CPRE Research Report, RR-42, University of Pennsylvania: CPRE, 1999.
3U. S. Department of Education, Office of the Under Secretary, One System or Two? Title 1 Accountability in the Context of High Stakes for School in Local Districts and States, Washington, D. D. 1999, 第6页，第8页,第53页，第1页.
4Jennifer O' Day, Low Performing Schools in the U. S.: Description and Rationale for Research. (Paper presented at the.
6Jennifer O'Day et al. Starting Over: School Recontitution from the Inside (The Stories of six reconstituted schools), Unversity of Wisconsin, unpublished, 1999.
7Robert C. Johnston, Pa. Targets 11 Districts for Takeover, Education Week, May 17, 2000.
8Nathan scovronick and Karen Jezimy (Eds.) Revitalizing Urban Schools: Innovative Organizational Models for City Districts, The Trustees of Princeton Unversity, 1995，第54页.
9Saul Cooperman, State Takeover, in Nathan Scovronick and Karen Jeziemy (Eds.) Revitalizing Urban Schools: Innovative Organizational Models for City Districts, pp. 50-53.
10Michael Kirst and Katrina Bulkey, "New Improved" Mayons Take Over City Schools, CPRE Working Paper, University of Pennsylvania: CPRE. 2000,第8页.
