摘要
目的通过对安庆市接触医用放射线的工作人员健康状况进行分析，寻找医用放射线接触的高危人群，以期为今后实施干预措施提供循证依据。方法采用普查的方法，对安庆市686名医用放射人员进行体格检查和职业史、家族史、病史的问询。结果医用放射人员心电图异常率为15．55％，肝脏疾病患病率为19．38％，胆囊疾病患病率为16．20％。10～19、20a～工龄组放射人员染色体畸变或微核检出率分别是9．85％和8．74％，比0～9a工龄组放射人员染色体畸变或微核检出率（3．67%）高；三级医院的普通放射人员染色体畸变或微核检出率为15．69％，比二级医院及二级以下医院的普通放射人员染色体畸变或微核检出率（3．76％、3．57％）高，差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。二级以上医院的普通放射和放疗、介入放射人员眼晶状体异常检出率分别是15．61％、13．11％，比CT人员眼晶状体异常检出率（3．70％）高；三级医院的普通放射人员眼晶状体异常检出率为23．53％，比二级医院和二级以下医院的普通放射人员眼晶状体异常检出率（13．44％、9．64％）高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论长期接触小剂量的辐射会给眼、细胞遗传物质、血液、心脏等身体的多系统带来不同程度损伤，而且这种损伤随着工龄和工作量的增加而加重，表现有一定的剂量一反应关系；二级以上医院从事普通放射、放疗、介入和放射工龄10a以上人群是以后重点监测和干预人群。
[ Objective] To identify the high risk group of medical radiation workers through analysis of health status of medical radiation workers in Anqing City, and provide evidences for developing intervention measure in future. [ Methods ] The general survey was adopted to investigate 686 medical radiation workers for physical examination data. occupational history, family history and medical history. [ Results] The abnormal rate of electrocardiogram was 15.55%, the prevalence rate of liver disease and gallbladder disease was 19.38% and 19.38%, respectively among medical radiation workers. The detection rate of chromosome aberration or micronucleus of workers with service length of 10-19 years and 20-29 years was 9.85% and 8.74% respectively which were higher than that of workers with service length of 0-9 years （3.67%）. The detection rate of chromosome aberration or micronucleus of general radiation workers was 15.69% in third class hospitals which was higher than that of general radiation workers in second class hospitals and under second class hospitals （ 3. 76%, 3. 57%, respectively） , the differences were significant （ both P 〈 0.01 ）. The abnormal rate of lens of general radiation workers engaged in general radiology and radiotherapy, interventional radiology was 15.61%, 13.11%, respectively which was significantly higher than that of CT workers （ 3.70% } in above second class hospitals. The abnormal rate of lens of general radiation workers was 23.53% in third hospitals which was higher than that of workers in second class hospitals and lower second class hospitals （ 13.44%, 9.64% respectively} , the differences were significant （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 }. [ Conclusion ] The impairment on eye , cell genetic material , blood, heart and other system induced by long-term exposure of small doses of radiation increases with the extending length of service and increasing workload, with dose-response relationship. The general radiation workers engaged in general radiology and radiotherapy, interventional radiology in above second class hospitals and medical radiation workers with service length 〉 10 years are the key group for monitoring and intervention in future.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2013年第17期2116-2119,共4页
Occupation and Health
关键词
放射
健康
晶状体
微核
畸变
Radiation
Health
lens
Micronucleus
Aberration
