摘要
血型是人类日常生活中非常常见的一种遗传表型,拥有丰富的遗传学内涵。随着科技的发展,其内涵不断得到新的揭示,新的研究结果不断补充,持续吸引着人们对血型遗传机制的探索。血型遗传案例除了与孟德尔遗传和连锁遗传、基因突变和染色体畸变四大内容关联外,还涉及到其他多方面的遗传学知识点。在教学中,依据遗传学的知识脉络,贯穿以ABO血型作为经典案例,结合拓展的白细胞血型,孟买、Rh、MN等血型的遗传规律及其应用,并且开展相关的实验教学,理论联系实际,增强了学生的兴趣,提高了教学效果。在遗传学实验教学中,有80%的学生选择ABO血型鉴定这个自选实验,并表示出对这个实验的浓厚兴趣。在讲授相关知识点时,用恰当的血型案例为引导,设计相关的讨论主题,开展PPT展示性讨论和辩论式讨论,所有的学生都积极主动参与进来,与现实生活相结合,引导学生思考问题,使学生的思维在辨析中得到操练,提高分析问题和解决问题的能力,深刻理解遗传学基本理论知识。
Blood type, which harbors abundant genetics meaning, is one of the most common phenotypes in human life. With the development of science and technology, its significance is unceasingly updated and new finding is increasingly emerging, which constantly attracts people to decipher the heredity mechanism of blood type. In addition to four main associated contents, i.e., Mendelian inheritance, genetic linkage, gene mutations, and chromosome abnormalities, the blood type case also covers many other aspects of the genetics knowledge. Based on the genetic knowledge context, we can interest the students and improve the teaching output in genetic teaching practice by combining with explaining ABO blood type case and heredity mechanism, expanding leucocyte groups, and introducing infrequent blood type such as Bombay blood, Rh and MN. By carrying out the related experimental teaching, we could drive the student to integrate theory with practice. In genetic experimental teaching, 80% of the students chose this optional experiment, molecular identification of ABO blood type, and it greatly interested them. Using appropriate blood type case in teaching related knowledge, organizing PPT exhibition and the debating discussion activities, it could provide opportunities for student to propose their own opinions, guide the student to thinking deeply, and develop their abilities to analyze and solve problem. Afterwards, students will gain in-depth comprehension about the fundamental knowledge of genetics.
出处
《遗传》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第8期1040-1044,共5页
Hereditas（Beijing)
基金
国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(编号:J1103707)资助
关键词
遗传学
血型遗传
经典案例
案例教学
genetics
blood type heredity
classical case
case-based teaching
