摘要
2012年WTO争端解决机构就加拿大、挪威诉欧盟海豹禁令措施一案成立专家组。《海豹禁令》下的"土著民族豁免条款"虽使土著民族聚居地区格陵兰的海豹产品全部得以进入欧盟销售,但该豁免条款旨在回应欧盟各成员方在国内法和国际法下所承担的保护土著民族权利的义务,其豁免条件合理,应不违反非歧视的要求。但"海洋资源管理豁免条款"下的非盈利要求并非海洋资源管理的必要条件,对加拿大施加了较高的管制负担,可能被认定为违反TBT协定2.1条。另外,禁令为避免对海豹的非人道方式猎捕,全然禁止海豹产品的进口和销售亦可能被专家组和上诉机构认为不符必要性要求。
The Dispute Settlement Body established a panel to solve the dispute of EU＇s Seal Ban in 2012, which was brought by Canada. The Indigenous People Exemption of the Seal Ban responds to EU＇ Member state＇s obligation of protecting indigenous people under the international convention, and the exemption requirements are reasonable, which shall be in compliance with the non-discrimination principle. But the Marine Animal Administration Exemption requires that any products satisfying the exemption clause should be hunted for non-commercial purposes, which lays a heavy regulatory burden on Canada, indicating that it might violate Article 2.1 of TBT. Furthermore, the Seal Ban forbids the imports and sales of seal products no matter the seal is harvested humanly or inhumanly, which might be deemed to be unnecessary by the panel and the appellate body.
出处
《国际经贸探索》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第7期70-82,共13页
International Economics and Trade Research
基金
教育部国别与区域研究中心项目加拿大研究中心招标项目阶段性成果
关键词
动物福利措施
非歧视
必要性
animal welfare measure
non-discrimination
necessity
