2Leszek Kolakowski,“In Praise of Exile,” in Kolakowski, Modernity on Endless Trial ( Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990) ,57.
3刘小枫.《流亡话语与意识形态》[J].二十一世纪（香港）,1990,(10):115-115.
4Edward Shils,Center and Periphery:Essays in Macrosociology( Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1975 ) ,3,75.
5Vaclav Havel, Living in Truth, ed. Jan Vladislav ( London : Faber, 1989) ,42.
6William Schafer,“ Composing Roots:Dialogues of Center and Peripheries in Three Xungen Short Stories,”M. A. thesis, University of Chicago, 1990.
7Paul A. Cohen (柯文), Between Tradition and Modernity: Wang T' ao and Reform in Late Ch' ing China (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1973),第1章.
8聂华苓.《桑青与桃红》,最新版,台北,汉谊.1988.
9Mulberry and Peach: Two Women of China, trans. Jane Parish Yang ( Boston : Beacon Press, 1981 ).
10夏志清( C. T. Hsia),“ Obsession with China:The Moral Burden of Modern Chinese Literature,” in Hsia, A History of Modern Chinese Fiction, New Haven:Yale University Press, 1971,533 -54.
