摘要
在孔庙兴起于中央国学之前,曾经历过一段以孔子为"殷后"或是"宋后"的封谥历史,这是一种以孔子的血缘性作为封爵与尊崇依据的走向,与学制中以"学"为依据的先师或先圣之非血缘性崇孔走向不同。前汉初期,帝王异姓若欲对孔子表达尊敬,则需至鲁地的孔府家庙中对孔子行礼以致其敬。汉成帝时,追谥孔子之诏令使孔子与古代圣王等列并称,宣示了"圣王之统"与"学术之统"二合为一的指标性。在新朝始建国元年的王莽诏令中,"周公、孔子"与"四代古宗"一齐出现。王莽的选择,摆脱了"殷后之统"的血缘性思考之方向,而从非血缘性的角度思考崇孔与封爵,孔子的德业遂与周公的功业具有等量齐观的历史地位与定位。
Before Confucius could be offered sacrifices in the central Imperial College , there had been a history of conferment on Confucius as the descendant of Yin or Song.That is , an approach of ' nobilizing ' and worshipping Confucius on the basis of his ancestral lineage , which is different from the merit-based approach to worshipping Confucius as the Great Teacher or the Great Sage , citing his great contributions to Chinese academics and culture.During the early Western Han Dynasty , if the emperors or people with different family names wanted to express their respect to Confucius , they must go to the Confucius Family Mansion in Qufu to do so.In the reign of Emperor Chengdi of Han , an imperial edict giving a retroactive title of nobility to Confucius was done so in the name of combining the ' lineage of sage kings ' and the ' tradition of learning. ' In Emperor Wang Mangs edict in 9A.D. , the Duke of Zhou and Confucius appeared together with the ' four generations of ancient ancestors ' . The choice of Wang Mang cast off the way of regarding Confucius as the blood descendant of Yin , and instead honered his solely for his contributions , thus consecrating the achievements and position of Confucius as equal to those of the Duke of Zhou.
出处
《文史哲》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第4期70-80,166,共11页
Literature,History,and Philosophy
