摘要
贵州省地处扬子准地台与华南褶皱带的结合部,煤炭资源主要分布在六盘水煤田、织纳煤田和黔北煤田三大煤田。通过调查煤矿开采引发的地质灾害及环境问题,发现煤矿开采引发的地质灾害主要有滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、地面塌陷、地裂缝、地面沉降、矿坑突水等,总结出煤矿开采引发的地质灾害特征为:分布范围广、区域性强;突发性强、危害性大;具有同步叠加性;灾害发生具有明显的季节性;地质灾害活动的频次逐年增高。主要致灾模式有三种,即采空区垮塌+滑坡(或崩塌)+岩漠化、矿坑疏干排水+地裂缝+崩塌(或滑坡)+岩漠化、煤矸石及尾矿堆存占地+暴雨山洪+滑坡(或泥石流)+土地损毁。
The Guizhou Province is situated at the junction of Yangtze metaplatform and South China fold belt, coal resources are mainly distributed in the Lupanshui, Zhina and North Guizhou three large coalfields. From investigation of geological hazards and environmen-tal issues initiated by coal mining, has found that geological hazards mainly have landslide, avalanche, debris flow, surface collapse, ground fissure, surface subsidence, mine water bursting etc. Summarized coal mining initiated geological hazard characteristics have： widely distributed, strong pertaining to a region; large unexpectedness and harmfulness; synchronous superposition; distinct seasonality; and geological hazard frequency increased year after year. Main disaster modes have three： gob area collapse ＋ landslide （or avalanche） ＋ rocky desertification, mine dewatering drainage ＋ ground fissure ＋ avalanche （or landslide） ＋ rocky desertification, gangue and railings disposal occupation of land ＋ rainstorm and mountain torrents ＋ landslide （or debris flow） ＋ land destruction.
出处
《中国煤炭地质》
2013年第6期51-53,61,共4页
Coal Geology of China
基金
贵州省科技厅软科学课题(黔科合20067010)
关键词
煤矿开采
地质灾害
致灾模式
贵州省
coal mining
geological hazard
disaster mode
Guizhou Province
