摘要
城市突发性地质灾害是当今减灾的重点,已引起了广泛的关注。人们意识到灾后及时地采取应急抢险救援措施,可以有效地减少人员伤亡。灾害应急行动包括建立应急指挥机构,明确职责,并进行资源调配。灾害应急抢险救灾时实性强,其快速反应行动涉及危机管理、预警、撤离、避险,以及维护法律与社会秩序、信息通报、灾情评估。应急救援行动还包括城市基础和生命线的恢复,以确保受灾居民和社区的基本需求。论文在分析城市突发性地质灾害应急管理进展和存在问题的基础上,探讨了当前城市地质灾害应急反应系统中的监测预警系统、快速反应系统、应急指挥系统、应急避难系统、信息发布系统、空间信息系统和宣传教育系统。通过实施这些应急系统并制定预案可以达到减轻城市突发性地质灾害的目的。
The urban areas are the important aspects for abrupt geological hazard mitigation, which attracted many public concerns widely nowadays. People realized that hazard damage could be greatly reduced if the emergency and recovery measures with emergency way would be taken after geological hazards occurred. The emergency actions involve establishing authorities and responsibilities and garnering the resources to support them. The onset of an emergency creates a need for time-sensitive actions to save lives and property, as well as for action to begin stabilizing the situation so that the jurisdiction can regroup. Such rapid response actions include notifying emergency management personnel of the crisis, warning and evacuating or sheltering the population if possible, keeping the population informed, rescuing individuals, maintaining the rule of law and assessing damage. Recovery is the effort to restore infrastructure and the social and economic life of a community to normal, bringing necessary lifeline systems up to an acceptable standard while providing for basic human needs and ensuring that the social needs of individuals and the community are met. Based on analysis on past performance of emergency management and existing problems for urban abrupt geological hazards, it is worth to pay further attention to improve today＇ s situation of emergency management. Therefore, this paper discussed on the emergency response system for urban geological hazards, which are involved monitoring and warning system, rapid response system, emergency command system, emergency evacuation system, hazard information promulgation system, spatial information system for hazard mitigation decision support and dissemination and education system. Through great efforts for executing emergency management systems, abrupt geological hazard of urban areas could be reduced.
出处
《中国地质灾害与防治学报》
CSCD
2005年第3期104-110,共7页
The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control
基金
云南省"十五"科技攻关资助项目(2001NG44)
关键词
城市地质灾害
应急管理系统
快速响应
直急指挥系统
urban area
geological hazard
emergency management system
rapid response
emergency command system
