摘要
利用干燥与药剂相结合、引发与药剂相结合的种子采后处理方法对西瓜种子的除菌效果进行了研究。应用PCR方法检测未经人工接种的西瓜种子,幼苗生长方法检测人工接种和自然带菌(Ac)的西瓜种子,结果表明,未经人工接种的西瓜种子中,从没有发酵经室内阴干4h后热风烘干、以及不管是否发酵室内阴干的种子上均检测到Ac菌的特异性条带。人工接种Ac菌的西瓜种子随着室内阴干时间的延长,幼苗细菌性果斑病(BFB)的发病率呈上升的趋势,由阴干3h的0.9%上升到阴干6h的20.4%。同时随着阴干时间的延长,种子的成苗率降低,由阴干3h的52.6%下降到阴干6h的23.9%。说明快速干燥能有效控制带菌种子幼苗BFB的发生,提高种子的健康质量。不同杀菌剂对自然带菌(Ac)西瓜种子杀菌效果的研究结果表明,不管是药剂处理种子还是含药的固体基质引发处理种子,其种子质量都没有显著的差别。药剂处理的种子平均每株幼苗的鲜质量均高于含药的固体基质引发处理的种子幼苗的鲜质量。通过幼苗生长鉴定,含药固体基质引发处理的相对防治效果在57.1%～78.6%之间,而药剂处理的相对防治效果在84.6%～100.0%之间。含药的固体基质引发处理对降低幼苗BFB发病率的效果要差。
Experiments were conducted to study the different seed treatments on controlling bacterial fruit blotch （BFB）on watermelon. PCR detection method was used to detect A c idovorax c itrulli （Ac）on seed without artificial inoculation of the bac- teria. Grown-out assay was used to detect Ac on seeds with artificial inoculation or infested naturally with Ac. Ac were found on seeds heat-dried after air-dry at room temperature for more than 4 hours without initial fermentation, and on the seed that were air-dried at room temperature with or without initial fermentation. With artificially inoculated seeds BFB on seedlings in- creased from 0.9% to 20.4% ,and usable seedlings reduced from 52.6% to 23.9% when seeds were dried at room temperature for 3 hrs and 6 hrs,indicating the benefits of rapid drying in minimizing the damage of BFB. Six bactericides were tested for disinfecting watermelon seeds naturally infested by Ac with two methods, treating the seed with bactericide solution or priming the seed with solid matrix containing bactericides. No obvious seed quality differences were observed between the treatment methods. However, there was significant difference on seedling weight by these two methods. Average seedling weights of seeds treated by bactericides solution were heavier than those treated by solid matrix priming （SMP）with bactericides. The relative control efficiency for bactericides solution treatment was from 84.6 to 100% and 57.1 to 78.6% for SMP with bactericides,as revealed by seedling grown-out assay.
出处
《中国瓜菜》
CAS
2013年第3期5-9,共5页
China Cucurbits And Vegetables
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003066)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD35B07)
北京市科技计划项目(D101105046510091)
关键词
西瓜
细菌性果斑病
种子处理
快速干燥
防治效果
Watermelon
Bacterial fruit blotch
Seed treatment
Rapid drying
Disinfection efficiency
