摘要
通过对栽培大豆、半野生大豆和野生大豆比较胚胎学研究,指出了三种类型大豆具有相同的胚胎学发育特征,这些特征如下:1.雄性孢原为表皮下多细胞;小孢子母细胞减数分裂的胞质分裂为同时型;四分孢子主要为正四面体形,少数为左右对称形;成熟花粉粒为二细胞型;花药壁的发育属基本型;绒毡层细胞单核,属分泌型绒毡层。2.单室子房;弯生胚珠,双珠被,厚珠心;胚珠亚表皮下多孢原;多数大孢子四分体线形排列;少数为“T”字形排列,合点端大孢子有功能;胚囊发育为蓼型,反足细胞短命。3.大孢子发生较小孢子发生稍晚,但发育速度较快,后期雌、雄配子体同步成熟。4.自花授粉;受精过程属有丝分裂前配子融合类型。5.胚的发育属柳叶菜型;核型胚乳,胚乳发育中后期胚囊合点端存在胚乳吸器;胚珠合点端具承珠盘结构。
Embryological features in Glycine max, G. gracilis and G. soja are similar, and these features are as follows: 1. Hypodermal male multicelled archesporium; simultaneous cytokinesis of microporocytes; predominant tetrahedral and a few isobilateral tetrads; two-celled pollen grain; basic type of wall development; glanular tapetum with uninucleate cells. 2. Uniovary; occurrence of campylotropous, bitegeminous, crassinucellate ovules; subhypodermal female multi-celled archesporium; predominant linear and a few 'T' -shaped megaspore tetrads with chalazal functional one; Polygonum type of female gametophyte; ephemeral antipodals. 3. The time of the microsporogenesis is later than that of the megasporogenesis, but the development speed of the female gametophyte is faster than that of the male gametophyte, and consequently the male and female gametophytes mature at the same time. 4. Self-pollination; premitotic type of syngamy in fertilization. 5. Onagrad type of embryogeny; nuclear type of endosperm with a chalazal haustorium; ovule with a hypostase at chalaza.
出处
《大豆科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1991年第4期253-260,共8页
Soybean Science
关键词
大豆
栽培种
野生种
半野生种
胚胎
Glycine max
G. gracilis
G. soja
Comparative embryology
