摘要
设计中国对虾Fenneropenaeus chinensis多性状复合育种方案,模拟选择20个世代,预测和评估目标性状(收获体重(BW),存活率(SR)和饲料摄入量(FI))的遗传进展及经济效益。利用选择指数理论,估计目标性状的选择反应和遗传进展;通过三级金字塔传递系统(核心群、扩繁群和生产群)放大遗传进展并计算其经济效益;对影响利润(RP)和效益成本比率(BCR)的生物学参数(遗传力、育种目标是否包括FI),经济学参数(对虾价格、饲料价格、贴现率、初投资、年费用)和运行参数(首次回报年份、扩繁效率)进行敏感性分析。结果表明,在基础参数值下,BW、SR和FI每个世代的选择反应分别为0.81g、1.41%和1.30g;以1 000尾虾为单位计算,BW、SR和FI的经济加权值分别为32元,20元和-8元,育种目标的遗传进展为43.69元,育种方案执行20年产生的RP和BCR分别为8 660.99万元和14.34。敏感性分析显示,生物学参数中,目标性状遗传力变化对RP和BCR影响程度中等,遗传力值越高,RP和BCR越大;将FI经济加权值设为0,育种方案的RP和BCR明显高于基础参数。经济学参数中,对虾价格的变化对RP和BCR影响较大;饲料价格、贴现率和年费用的变化对RP和BCR影响较小,但初投资变化对BCR影响较大。运行参数中,首次回报年份越晚,RP和BCR越低。扩繁效率是影响RP和BCR的最重要因素。高扩繁效率下,生产群规模扩大1 736.15%,RP和BCR分别提高1 866.92%和1 736.75%。
The genetic gain and economic benefit from a multi-trait breeding scheme with Chinese shrimp （Fenneropenaeus chinensis） were calculated after performing 20 selections. The breeding object was made up of harvest body weight （BW）, survival rate （SR） and feed intake （FI）, but the trait FI was not included in the selection index. Selection response and genetic gain of the breeding object were estimated based on selection index theory. Economic benefit was predicted after nucleus shrimp was multiplied by a pyramid breeding structure （nucleus, multiplication and production populations）. The sensitivity of profit （RP） and benefit/cost ratio （BCR） to a number of factors were examined. It comprises biological parameters （heritability value, accounting for feed intake）, economic parameters （price of shrimp, price of feed, discount rate, initial investment, annual cost）, and operational parameters （the year when first return occurs, multiplication efficiency）. For the base situation, selection responses on BW, SR and FI were 0.81 g,1.41% and 1.30 g, respectively; their economic values were CNY 32, CNY 20 and CNY-8, respectively; the overall gain in economic units for the breeding object was CNY 43. 69; the RP and BCR of this program were CNY 8 660.99 and 14. 34 after preforming 20 selections. Heritability values had a moderate effect for RP and BCR. Greater heritabilities resulted in greater RP and BCR. The RP and BCR were greater than those of base situation when the economic value of FI was set as 0. RP and BCR were sensitive to the change of the shrimp price. The changes from the feed price, discounted rate and annual cost had a relatively small effect on RP and BCR. Initial investment also had a small effect on RP, but had a great effect on BCR. Delays in obtaining the first return in this program resulted in reduced EB and BCR. However, the greatest contribution to varia- tions in RP and BCR came from the improvements in the multiplication efficiency at the level of both the nucleus and the hatcheries. High multiplication efficiency could be achieved by use of the high fecundity and the pyramid industry structure in Chinese shrimp. RP and BCR were increased by 1 866.92% and 1 736.75% when the production population was multiplied by 1 736.15 %.
出处
《海洋学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第2期133-142,共10页
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(20603022011010)
公益性行业科研专项(200903045)资助
国家自然科学基金"黄海2号"中国对虾高通量SNP筛选及其与抗WSSV的关联分析(31072206)
农业部948项目(2011-G12)
关键词
多性状复合育种
选择反应
遗传进展
利润
效益成本比率
multi-trait integrated breeding program
selection response
genetic gain
profit
benefit/cost ratio
