摘要
采用禾谷类作物种子胚乳数量性状的遗传模型，分析黑米稻品种双列杂交F1和F2种子的Fe、Zn、Mn、P含量的遗传效应。结果表明，4种矿质元素含量同时受制于种子直接遗传效应、母体效应和细胞质作用影响。其中，Fe、Zn、Mn含量的种子直接效应比母体效应和细胞质效应的作用更大；P含量则主要受种子直接加性、母体加性和显性效应共同作用。Fe、Zn、Mn含量的种子直接遗传率较高，在杂种早代分别结合农艺性状选择单株上各元素含量较高的种子可能效果较好；P含量种子直接遗传率和母体遗传率均为中等，对其杂种后代进行单株选择和单粒选择可能均会有一定效果。
Complete diallel crosses with seven varieties of black pericarp rice were conducted in one year to analyze the genetic effects on main mineral elements of Fe, Zn, Mn and P contents in kernels of parents and their F1S and F2S, using the full genetic model including triploid endosperm, cytoplasmic and maternal effects on quantitative traits of seeds in cereal crops. The results indicated that the contents of all the four mineral elements were controlled by seed direct genetic effects, maternal genetic effects as well as by cytoplasmic effects. The seed direct genetic effects were more important than the maternal genetic effects for Fe, Zn, Mn contents,and seed direct additive effects constituted a major part of their genetic effects, whereas seed direct additive, maternal additive and dominant effects formed the main part in the inheritance of P content. The heritabilities of seed direct effects of the 4 mineral element contents were all highly significant. The estimate values of narrow heritabilites of seed direct genetic effects were high for Fe, Zn and Mn contents, while those of seed and maternal effects were intermediate for P content. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the single plant selection and single grain selection based on the seed mineral element contents of hybrid offspring.
基金
国家自然科学基金!(39870537)
广东省自然科学基金!(960581和990519)
关键词
黑米
矿质元素含量
遗传效应
铁
锌
锰
磷
black pericarp rice grain
mineral element content
genetic effect
heritability
