摘要
Soilless culture refers to the technique by which crops are grown using nutrient solution or solid substrate along with nutrient solution without natural soil. This technique has developed for more than 150 years, and plays an essential role in promoting the development of horticultural, agricultural and forestal production, as well as agricultural modernization. Substrate and nutrient solution formulae and their application are the core of soilless culture technique. Based on the classification system of soilless culture, the types, advantages and scope of application of substrate formulae for growing vegetables and flowers in soilless culture, as well as the types, advantages and scope of application of nutrient solution formulae, and the regulation of nutrient solution ingredients are first systematically summarized in this paper; then, the advantages and disadvantages of the inorganic energy-intensive soilless culture and eco-organic soilless culture, and their scopes of application are analyzed; finally, research directions for further perfecting soilless culture technique are presented, and the outlook for the application of soilless culture is also provided.
无土栽培是指不用天然土壤而用营养液或固体基质加营养液栽培作物的技术。无土栽培技术发展150余年,在推动园艺、农业及林业的生产发展和农业现代化方面发挥了举足轻重的作用。基质与营养液配方及其应用是无土栽培技术的核心。该研究在论述无土栽培的分类体系基础上,系统总结了无土栽培蔬菜、花卉基质配方的类型、应用优势与应用范围以及营养液配方的类型、应用优势与应用范围和成分调控,分析了我国无机耗能型和有机生态型无土栽培方式的优缺点与应用范围,最后,提出了进一步完善无土栽培技术的研究方向,并对其前景进行了展望。
