摘要
尽管高速公路能影响野生动物物种,但只有少数关于高速公路对种群死亡串和隔离影响的研究。2266只(代表97种动物)动物因车祸而死亡,研究结果表明,交通极大地影响了脊椎动物的种群(14.5只动物/天/100公里)。因汽车致死的动物主要是哺乳动物(43.2%),其中捕食者也受到了严重的影响(21.7%的脊椎动物)。珍稀或濒危动物,如接生婆蟾蜍、蓝喉鸲、小马蹄蝠或欧洲水獭等也在受害者之列。动物死亡率随交通量的增加而呈现指数增长。当没有通道存在时,迁徙动物的死亡率几乎达到100%,这种屏障影响只有在有地下通道穿过高速公路时才会减小,使迁徙的田鼠的死亡率控制在31%,普通蟾蜍23%,而在有动物群通道的路段,死亡率往往超过74%。有理由得出结论,交通严重地影响了野生动物物种数量和种群交流,从而导致了种群隔离。
Although motorways could affect wildlife species, only few studies have been documented on their effects on mortality and isolation. With 2266 road-killed animals representing 97 species, the results of a study on a motorway section emphasized that traffic considerably affected vertebrate populations (14.5 animals day-1100 km-1). Road-killed animals were mainly mammals (43.2%), but predators also suffered a critical impact (21.7% vertebrates). Rare or endangered species such as the Midwife toad, the Blue throat, the little Horseshoe bat, or the European otter were found. Animal mortality exponentially increased with traffic volume. Mortality reached almost 100% of migrants when no passage existed, and this barrier effect was only reduced when underneath passages crossed the road restraining the mortality to 31% of migrants in Field mice and 23% in Common toads, while mortality always exceeded 74% in a road section with fauna ducts. It is reasonable to conclude that traffic severely influenced both wildlife species demography and population exchanges resulting in effective population isolation.Ambio, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 163-166, 2000
