摘要
遗传多样性是生物多样性的基础和核心,了解和掌握植物遗传多样性影响因素及其变化规律,对于植物资源的保护及可持续利用具有十分重要的意义。对植物遗传多样性的特点、影响因素、作用规律和各因素之间的相互关系进行了论述。遗传多样性是生物在长期进化和发展过程中形成的自然属性,具有广泛性、特异性和适应性等特点。能确定和改变植物种群遗传多样性的内部因素包括物种的繁育系统(生殖方式)、遗传漂变、自然选择、基因突变和基因流,同时还包括由于环境变化和人为干扰引起的种群隔离、生境片断化等外部因素。内部因素可直接作用于基因组,引起等位基因数目与频率的变化,外部因素不会直接改变基因(等位基因)数目与频率,只能通过某种间接方式使植物群体的遗传多样性水平和遗传结构发生变化。植物种群是一个大的生态系统,各因素之间会相互影响、相互制约,共同作用使植物群体遗传多样性维持在相对平衡状态。
Genetic diversity is the foundation and core of biological diversity.For us understanding the influencing factors of plant genetic diversity and its change pattern is very important to carry out the plant protection and sustainable utilization.Genetic diversity is the natural attributes in the long-term biological evolution and development,which has the characteristics of specificity and adaptability features and exists in every biology population.Plant genetic diversity was affected by the internal factors,including plant breeding system,genetic drift,natural selection,gene mutation and gene flow.Internal factors could act directly on the genome,causing the number of allele frequency change.Environmental change and human interference are the external factors;they can cause plant population isolated and habitat fragment,and indirectly change the gene（allele） number and frequency.Plant population is a large ecosystem;these influencing factors may interact with each other and maintain the plant genetic diversity in a relatively balanced state.
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第12期80-87,共8页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30972357)
湖南省自然科学基金重点项目
湖南省教育厅重点项目(09A103)
关键词
植物群体
遗传多样性
遗传分化
影响因素
作用机制
plant population
genetic diversity
genetic differentiation
influencing factors
mechanism
