摘要
目的探讨医务人员职业暴露的危险因素,提高医务人员职业防护意识,减少医务人员职业暴露的发生。方法对2010年1月-2011年12月发生职业暴露的95名医务人员的监测资料进行统计分析。结果职业暴露主要是锐器伤,发生率为88.42%;护士职业暴露发生率最高,占63.16%,医师次之占17.89%;发生职业暴露的主要场所是病区和手术室,分别占61.05%和23.16%;操作后整理物品、拔针最易发生锐器伤,分别占29.47%、24.21%;致伤器具主要是注射器针头和输液器针头,所占比例为34.74%和28.42%;暴露源前3位是乙型肝炎病毒、不明原因、梅毒,分别占58.95%、21.05%、11.58%;经过及时正确的伤口处理和必要的预防用药及随访无1例发生感染。结论制定严格的规章制度强医务人员职业安全培训、提高职业防护意识、规范操作行为、改善工作环境、严格执行"标准预防"是减少医务人员职业暴露的有效措施,对暴露者暴露部位及时处理和针对性的预防用药是降低暴露后感染的有效手段。
OBJECTIVE To investigate the condition and risk factor of occupational exposure of medical staff, to raise their awareness of occupational protection so as to reduce the incidence of the occupational exposure. METHODS The monitoring data of the occupational exposure of 95 medical staff from Jan 2010 to Dec 2011 were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The main occupational exposures were sharp injuries with the incidence rate of 88. 42% ; the incidence of the dccupationa[ exposure of the nurse was 63.16%, followed by the doctor （17.89 %） ; the wards and operating rooms were the main locations, accounting for 61. 05% and 23. 16%, respectively; finishing the items after operation and the needle extraction were the predominant links prone to the sharp injuries, accounting for 29.47% and 24.21%, respectively. The syringe needles and the infusion needles were the main sharp instruments , accounting for 34. 74% and 28. 42%, respectively; the top three exposure sources were hepatitis Bvirus, unknown source, and syphilis, accounting for 58. 95%, 21.05%, and 11.58%, respectively. After the prompt and correct wound treatment and necessary prophyiactic antibiotics, the follow up found no case with infections. CONCLUSION It is effective for medical staff to reduce occupational exposure through formulating the strict rules, strengthening the training and education of occupational safety, improving vocational safety awareness, standardizing all of operating regulations, and strictly executing the standard prevention.
出处
《中华医院感染学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第2期397-399,共3页
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology
关键词
医务人员
职业暴露
监测分析
Medical staff
Occupational exposure
Monitoring analysis
