摘要
"投资拉动经济"的粗放型发展模式与外来精英劳动者的就业替代竞争往往会同时出现于欠发达地区的现代化发展初期,二者之间的交互作用有可能导致经济不断发展而本地社区却被不断边缘化的现代化困境。文章以旅游开发背景下的海南三亚为例,从"外来者—本地人"关系结构视角考察欠发达地区的现代化进程,通过对精英劳动力迁入的经济社会影响分析,发现造成本地社区边缘化趋势的根源是粗放型经济政策、市场化公共政策及其交互作用所引发的复杂效果,而不是直观印象中单纯由精英劳动力迁入带来的冲击。
The early stage of modernization in less developed regions tends to witness the co-existence of ＂extensive mode of economic development＂ featured in being investment-driven and employment replacement effects due to injection/transfer of external elite labor forces. Their interaction may lead to a modernization dilemma where the sustained economic envelopment is only achieved at the cost local community＇ s being increasingly marginalized. This study, based on labor division theory, analyzes the interactive mechanism between technical division and social division and the economic-social effects of elite labor transfer. It finds that the source of modernization dilemma should be the interactions of extensive economic development policy and market-oriented public policy, rather than the damage and competition caused by elite labor transfer. Besides, extensive economic development policy can easily lead to overdependence on elite labor and thus put off the process of vocational skills of local residents. This situation results in local residents＇ being gradually pushed to undertake low-skill jobs. Although market-oriented public policy can relieve the pressure of the shortage of public product supply, it may lead to the differentiation and isolation in life space between elite labor forces and local residents. What can be inferred from this research is that if the government in less developed regions defines elite labor as torchbearer or guide rather than replacer in the beginning, vocational skills conversion of local residents may be more sufficient. Then it can effectively prevent the differentiation trend in employment ability and income level between both sides. Furthermore when the income gap between elite labor and local residents continues to expand, policy must be taken to prevent it from entering public product fields. Since the interactions of extensive economic development policy and market-oriented public policy are the major sources of the modernization dilemma, it is imperative to plan the industrial structure of different regions in a larger scale to avoid overdependence of elite labor under the homogenized competition and to offer enough time and opportunities for local residents to transfer vocational skills. Besides, we should pay attention to the vulnerability and uncertainty of public product market, prevent the malignant speculation of social idle funds and avoid differentiation and isolation in life space between different income levels while implementing market-oriented reform of public policy. The conclusion from this case study may stimulate future research on the same issue or similar ones and help formulate development policies that are more rational, i.e. taking into account to notion of ＂stakeholders＂ and maintaining the ethics among them.
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
2013年第1期46-53,共8页
Tourism Tribune
基金
中央高校科研基本业务费(3161106)
广东省社科基金(GD11CGL09)资助~~
关键词
精英劳动力迁入
本地社区边缘化
欠发达地区
旅游开发
海南三亚
elite labor transfer
marginalization of local community
less developed region
tourism development
Sanya City
