摘要
为了分析人类活动影响下滨海湿地生态安全水平的动态变化,选择上海杭州湾北岸奉贤区、金山区处于海岸带的海湾镇、柘林镇、漕泾镇、山阳镇、石化街道为研究区域,研究时间选择杭州湾北岸人类活动较为强烈的2000—2010年。在分析2000、2003及2007年滨海景观格局基础上,选择能够反映滨海地区生态安全水平的相应社会、经济指标,在PSR生态安全评价模型的基础上,构建基于DPSIR评价模型的滨海地区生态安全评价体系,计算区域生态安全指数ESI,动态分析ESI指数的年际变化。结果表明,2000年生态安全ESI指数排序为石化街道(524.20)、漕泾镇(32.10)、山阳镇(25.48)、海湾镇(8.60)、柘林镇(7.87),2003年生态安全ESI指数排序为石化街道(205.29)、漕泾镇(53.50)、山阳镇(52.68)、柘林镇(39.17)、海湾镇(31.95),2007年生态安全ESI指数排序为山阳镇(297.10)、海湾镇(245.08)、漕泾镇(159.59)、石化街道(187.86)、柘林镇(105.87)。这说明上海滨海地区金山、奉贤区生态安全水平总体呈现上升趋势,但是金山区石化街道生态安全逐年下降,说明人类活动对滨海湿地生态安全的有较大影响。在讨论滨海湿地生态安全体系构建与应用的前提下,人类活动影响下的上海杭州湾北岸生态安全结论如下:1)区域人口负增长一定程度上缓解了区域生态安全压力;2)城镇开发过程对景观破碎度干扰程度较大,给滨海地区生态安全带来巨大压力;3)工业生产为滨海地区生态安全带来较大压力;4)以旅游业为代表的第三产业发展有助于提高区域生态安全水平。
This paper is purposed at a coastal eco-environmental se- curity assessment of the Northern Shore of Shanghai-Hangzhou Bay by taking Fengxian District and Jinshan District as our case study sam- ple. In our study, we have chosen the time from 2000 to 2012, when human activities are intensive and ever-more prosperous, and estab- lished an DPSIR eeo-seeurity evaluation model. Relying on the PSR Model, we have done the landscape pattern analyses of the three years＇, that is, the appropriate social and economic indicators which can directly reflect the regional ecological security levels, during the period of 2000, 2003 and 2007 as our eco-environmental security in- dexes in coastal area. Through careful calculation of the said eeo-se- curity indexes in the area, we have done comparatively systematic analysis of the impact of human activities on the coastal area eco-se- curity change. The results of our investigation and statistics show that in 2000, the ESI indexes are Shihua Street（524.20） 〉 Caojing Town （32.10） 〉 Shanyang Town（25.48） 〉 Haiwan Town（8.60） 〉 Zhelin Town（7.87）in order;while in 2003, the ESI indexes are Shihua Street（205.29） 〉 Caojing Town（53.50） 〉 Shanyang Town（52.68） 〉 Zhelin Town（39.17） 〉 Haiwan Town（31.95） ;And, next, in 2007, the ESI indexes can be illustrated as Shanyang Town（297.10） 〉 Hai-wan Town （245.08） 〉 Caojing Town （159.59） 〉 Shihua Street （187.86） 〉 Zhelin Town（ 105.87）. All the above illustrations repre- sent an upward trend in an all-round way, showing the eco-security level of Jinshan Shihua Street is declining year by year. Among all the influential factors, greatest impact on the eco-environmental change has been brought about by human activities basically in the following ways： （ 1 ） Although the urbanization of coastal area has brought an enormous pressure on the ecological security, the regional negative population growth from a certain extent alleviates the pres- sure of regional ecological security; （2） Ever-increasingly crowded ur- ban house and business construction tides have taken the place of the quiet coastal landscape, and highway network has broken the origi- nally green-beach landscape, the forest landscape and farmland land- scape, into innumerous urban living blocks, which are characterized by the landscape-fragmentation and noisy urban interference as well as huge ecological security stress ; （3） Though urbanization and eco- nomic growth help to ensure social security, tremendous stress has been brought about to the coastal ecological security and landscape declining. The population increase and the emission of pollutants have also created strong impact upon Shihua Street and the declining ecological safety index from year to year; （4） With the acceleration of coastal economic transition, the boom of tertiary industry such as coastal tourism development also brings tremendous social advances, thus heightening the regional ecological security level to some extent.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第6期124-130,共7页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40871256)
陕西师范大学创新项目(999521)
上海市教委重点学科建设项目(J50402)
关键词
生态学
滨海生态安全
生态安全评价
人类活动影响
DPSIR模型
上海杭州湾北岸
ecology
coastal ecological security
ecological security assessment
human activities impact
DPSIR model
Shanghai Hangzhou Bay North Shore
