摘要
本文运用1998～2010年工业行业投入产出面板数据,基于DEA的非径向、非角度的SBM模型,测算了节能减排约束的36个工业行业技术效率,通过核密度估计分析行业技术效率的动态分布特征,并就工业产权结构变革与行业异质性因素对技术效率的影响进行了实证检验。测算结果显示,绝大多数工业行业技术效率呈现不断提升的趋势,存在对生产前沿的技术追赶效应。核密度估计结果表明,行业技术效率差距有不断减小的趋势,但全国工业技术效率的平均水平偏低,节能减排潜力依然较大。基于Tobit随机效应模型的回归结果显示,"国退民进"的工业产权结构变革有利于技术效率改进,FDI显著促进了技术效率提升,技术效率与行业集中度呈U型曲线关系,与行业企业规模呈倒U型曲线关系,与行业电力消费比重显著正相关,与行业煤炭消费比重显著负相关。本文指出,应该依据行业异质性特征实施差别化的节能减排措施,全面提高工业行业技术效率,促进绿色生产率增长与工业发展方式转变。
Taking energy consumption and environment into account, the green total factor productivity （TFP） growth can be decomposed into technical progress and growth in technical efficiency. Most empirical studies on the sources of industrial green TFP growth in post-reform China shows that technical progress is the main contributor to industrial green TFP growth but growth in technical efficiency is inadequate even if it has a positive effect on indus- trial green TFP growth. Therefore, it is necessary for us to study how to improve industrial technical efficiency and increase its contribution to industrial green TFP growth. Incorporating energy consumption and carbon dioxide （ CO2 ） emissions into the analysis framework, this paper employs the Slacks Based Measure （SBM） model which is non-radical and non-oriented to estimate environmental technical efficiency of 36 sub-industrial sectors in China from 1998 to 2010. （ 1 ） The results of industrial technical efficiency evaluation show that the environmental effi- ciency of most sub-industrial sectors has gradually climbed up during the period 1998-2010 indicating a catching-up effect towards the common technology frontier, but the average level of environmental efficiency is very low indica- ting there is a substantial potential capacity to further reduce energy consumption and CO/emissions for most sub-in- dustrial sectors. The dynamic distribution of sub-industrial environmental efficiency is described through kernel density curves. From the evolution of kernel density curves, we can find that the gap of environmental efficiency is getting narrower among 36 sub-industrial sectors. （2） An empirical examination with Tobit random effect model is also carried out based on sub-industrial panel data （1998--2010） to test the determinants of sub-industrial environ- mental efficiency. The empirical results show that the industrial property structural reform has given a strong impe- tus to the improvement of sub-industrial environmental efficiency. The higher the degree of private sectors involve- ment in sub-industrial production, the higher is its environmental efficiency. Contrary to private sectors, the higher the degree of state-owned sectors involvement in sub-industrial production, the lower is its environmental efficiency. This empirical finding thus gives an evidence support to the idea that an increased role by the private sectors in the sub-industrial production is more likely to improve its environmental performance. We also find that the degree of foreign direct investment （FDI） involvement in sub-industrial production is likely to have positive impacts on its en- vironmental performance. Our findings thus support the argument that foreign direct investments in China＇s industri- al sectors are more likely to act as positive contributors to the advanced, cleaner environmental technologies than as ＂pollution havens＂ for dirty industries from developed countries. It can be also concluded from the empirical test that there is a U-shaped relationship between industrial environmental efficiency and industrial concentration de- gree, and an inverted U-shaped relationship between industrial environmental efficiency and industrial average scale. As for the structure of sub-industrial energy consumption, the coal share in sub-industrial energy consump- tion plays a significantly negative effect on its environmental efficiency, but the electricity share in sub-industrial energy consumption shows a significantly positive impact on it. （3） The empirical results bring forward several poli- cy implications on low-carbon industrial development in China. In order to improve sub-industrial environmental ef- ficiency and green industrial TFP growth and realize a low-carbon industrial development paradigm, the Chinese government should implement some differentiated incentive policies for energy conservation and emissions abatement based on sub-industrial heterogeneity. Some policies should be geared to improve technical efficiency and utilize fossil energy resources effectively. Under the current circumstances, it is imperative to reform and improve the mar- ket-oriented energy price formation mechanism and environmental compensation mechanism for energy consump- tion.
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第11期1-9,共9页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
关键词
节能减排
SBM模型
环境效率
低碳转型
energy conservation and emissions abatement
slacks-based measure model
environmental effi- ciency
low carbon transformation
