摘要
以黄淮区种植面积相对较大的棉、瓜间作模式为研究对象,开展了不同生育阶段水分亏缺对棉花的生长发育、产量及水分生产效益的影响研究,确定棉、瓜间作的适宜土壤水分控制指标。结果表明,苗期适度亏水对棉花生育和棉、瓜产量的影响较小,节水效果较明显;蕾期缺水对棉花影响较少,节水效果最明显,但对甜瓜产量影响最大;花铃前期不同程度水分亏缺的成铃数低于其他处理且脱落率较高,棉、瓜减产幅度均较大,为棉、瓜需水关键期;花铃后期缺水仍会导致蕾铃脱落率增加,不利于产量的进一步提高。综合比较各项指标,大田棉、瓜间作高产高效的土壤水分适宜控制下限指标为:苗期土壤含水率不低于田间持水率(FC)50%,蕾期为60%FC～65%FC,花铃前期为75%FC～80%FC,花铃后期为70%FC～75%FC。
The cropping pattern of cotton intercropping with melon which was cultivated relatively large area In Huanghuai region was taken as a research object,and the effects of water stress at different growth stages on growth,yield and water production efficiency of cotton were conducted to determine the suitable control indicators of soil moisture for cotton intercropping with melon.The results showed that proper water deficit at the seedling stage did not affect the growth and yields of cotton and melon significantly,but had a better effect of saving water.Water deficit at the square stage influenced cotton growth a little and got the best water saving effect,but had the most impact on the melon yield.As water deficit occurred during the early blossoming and boll forming stage,the number of bolls was less,boll shedding rate was high,as well as cotton and melon had a great reduction in yield,so the early blossoming and boll forming stage should be the key water demand period for both crop.Water deficit at the late blossoming and boll forming stage also resulted in boll shedding rate increase and blocked crop yield raise.Based on a comprehensive comparison of all indexes,the lower limit indexes of soil moisture for the high-yield and efficient of cotton intercropping with melon were proposed that soil moisture should not be less than 50% of field capacity at the seedling stage,and should be 60%~65%,75%~80% and 70%~75% of field capacity at the square stage,early blossoming and boll forming stage,late blossoming and boll forming stage,respectively.
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第5期35-39,共5页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
国家现代农业棉花产业技术体系建设专项经费
国家863计划项目(2006AA100203)
关键词
棉、瓜间作
水分亏缺
生长发育
产量
水分生产效益
cotton intercropping with melon
water deficit
growth and development
yield
water production benefit
