摘要
杂草一方面与作物竞争资源而造成作物减产,另一方面在维持农田生态平衡以及保持农田可持续利用方面起着不可或缺的作用。化学肥料的施用显著加快了农田土壤肥力演变的进程,也直接影响了农田杂草的生长、群落演替及遗传进化。因此,如何科学合理地制定农田养分管理对策是现代农业发展的现实问题。本文就长期施肥对农田杂草物种、群落结构的影响以及杂草的遗传与适应性进化三个方面的研究结果进行了收集整理;综合分析了杂草营养管理的薄弱环节,指出在治理杂草的同时也要考虑到保持杂草群落的生物多样性,提出加强对长期不同施肥方式下的杂草遗传多样性及其分子生态适应性方面的研究,以评价在土壤施肥选择压力下的杂草遗传多样性,评估杂草的生存与进化潜力及其适应性进化的分子机制,为科学制定杂草综合管理策略提供更广阔的思路。
Weeds can compete with crops for resources,resulting in the yield reduction of crops,while play an indispensable role in maintaining the ecological balance of cropland and its sustainable utilization.The application of chemical fertilizers not only greatly accelerated the evolution of soil fertility,but also directly affected the weed growth,its community succession,and genetic evolution in croplands.Therefore,how to scientifically constitute a nutrient management strategy in cropland has become a realistic issue in modern agriculture.This paper comprehensively reviewed the related literatures,and summarized the effects of long-term fertilization regimes on the weed species,community structure,and genetic evolution.Through thoroughly analyzing the weaknesses of the current weed management,it was suggested that the weed control in croplands should be balanced with weed biodiversity,and the research on the long-term fertilization regimes affecting weed genetic diversity and its molecular ecological adaptability should be strengthened,which would have significance in assessing the genetic diversity of weeds under selective fertilization pressure,the potential of weed survival and evolution,and the molecular mechanisms of weed adaptive evolution,so as to supply a broader sense for the comprehensive management of weeds in croplands.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第11期2943-2949,共7页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国际植物营养研究所基金项目(IPNI-HB-34)
湿地演化与生态恢复湖北省重点实验室开放课题资助
关键词
长期施肥
杂草
遗传多样性
进化
杂草综合管理
long-term fertilization
weed
genetic diversity
evolution
comprehensive weed management.
