摘要
柠条(Caragana korshinskii)是荒漠半荒漠地区防风固沙的主要树种,而柠条豆象(Kytorhinus immixtus)、豆荚螟(Etiella zinckenella)和柠条种子小蜂(Bruchophagu neoaraga-nae)是危害其种实的主要害虫。本文选择宁夏荒漠草原景观人工固沙次生林地、流动风积沙地和沙壤土质丘陵地3种生境类型的柠条林,对不同斑块面积下的柠条种实害虫进行了调查,分析了其空间生态位及其与斑块面积之间的关系。结果表明:在沙壤土质丘陵生境中,种实害虫垂直分布比例依次为林冠层(38.9%)>中层(33.9%)>下层(27.2%),水平分布比例依次为西侧(31.0%)>北侧(29.3%)>南侧(21.7%)>东侧(18.1%),其中柠条豆象、柠条种子小蜂主要分布在林冠层,豆荚螟主要分布在中层;在绝大多数情况下3种种实害虫是以单一种占蛀一豆荚;柠条豆象的垂直生态位宽度值(0.773)和水平生态位宽度值(0.690)最小,其次为柠条种子小蜂(分别为0.959和0.829),豆荚螟的生态位宽度值最大(分别为0.977和0.917);在不同生境中,3种种实害虫生态位宽度差异不显著(P>0.05),斑块面积与生态位宽度无显著的相关性。
Caragana korshinskii is a major sand-fixating plant species in arid and semi-arid regions of China,while Kytorhinus immixtus,Etiella zinckenella,and Bruchophagus neocaraganae are the dominant seed pests of C.korshinskii.Selecting the C.korshinskii shrubberies in three habitat types of manually fixed sandy land,mobile sandy land,and sandy loam hilly land in desert steppe of Ningxia as test objects,an investigation was made on the spatial distribution characteristics of the three dominant seed pests of C.korshinskii in the patches of different areas,with the relationships between the seed pests spatial niches and the patch area analyzed.In the habitat of sandy loam hilly land,the vertical distribution of the pests in C.korshinskii shrubbery was in the order of canopy layer（38.9%） middle layer（33.9%） bottom layer（27.2%）,and the horizontal distribution was in the sequence of western sector（31.0%） northern sector（29.3%） southern sector（21.7%） eastern sector（18.1%） of the shrubbery.K.immixtus and B.neocaraganae mainly distributed in the canopy layer,while E.zinckenella mainly distributed in the middle layer.In most cases,one pod was only occupied by K.immixtus,B.neocaraganae,or E.zinckenella.It was quite rare that two or three species of the seed pests lived in the same pods.In these cases,one individual occupied a bean.E.zinckenella had the highest vertical and horizontal niche breadths（0.977 and 0.917）,followed by B.neocaraganae（0.959 and 0.829）,and by K.immixtus（0.773 and 0.690,respectively）.No significant differences in the niche breadths of the three seed pests were observed among the three habitats,and there was no significant correlation between the niche breadth and patch area.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第11期2841-2847,共7页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31160435)
宁夏自然科学基金项目(NZ1162)资助
关键词
荒漠景观
空间生态位
斑块面积
种实害虫
柠条
desert landscape
spatial niche
patch area
seed pests
Caragana korshinskii.
