7Ying YL ,Warwick D, Ngan K, et al. The median effective dose of bupivacaine,levobupivaciane,and ropivacaine after intrathecal injection in lower limb surgery [J]. Anesth Analg,2009,109(4): 1331.
5Van Kleef JW, Veering BT, Burro AG. Spinal anesthesia with ropivacaine: a double - blind study on the efficacy and safety of 0.5% and 0.75% ,solutions in patients undergoing minor lower limb sur ergy [J]. Anesth Analg, 1994,78(6) : 1125 - 1130.
7Martin-Salvaj G,van Gessel E, Forster A,et al. Influence of duration of lateral decubitus on the spread of hyperbaric tetracalne during spinal anesthesia: a prospective time-response study. Anesth Analg, 1994,79: 1107-1112.
8郑思竞,主编.人体解剖学.第2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1983.354-357.
9Ben-David B, Frankel R, Arzumonov T, et al. Minidose bupivacainefentanyl spinal anesthesia for surgical repair of hip fracture in the aged. Anesthesiology, 1992,92 : 6- 10.
10King HK, Wood L, Steffens Z, et al. Spinal anesthesia for cesarean secticn: isobaric versus hyperbaric solution. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin, 1999,37: 61-64.
