摘要
对中国古代二十一种历法的研究表明:关于每日昼、夜漏刻长度的计算,曾先后出现过表格计算法、公式计算法以及公式与表格联合计算法,它们的首创者分别是刘洪和蔡邕(174年)、边冈(893年)及赵知微(1180年)。本文对这三种计算法的发生、发展均作了详细的论证,对有关漏刻表中约70处讹误进行了校正,复原了10余种具体的计算公式,并对它们的精度作了分析:前二种计算法的误差均在3.8分钟至7.9分钟之间;后一种计算法的误差则在0.7分钟至3.8分钟之间,其中0.7分钟是郭守敬等人的授时历(1281年)计算法的误差,这反映了我国古代关于每日昼、夜漏刻长度计算达到的最高精度水平。
For twenty-one calendars in ancient China the research indicates that there were three methods for the calculation of the length of Lou-ke round the clock: the table method, the formula method and the method of a combination of the two. Their pioneers were Liu Hong and Cai Yong (A. D. 174), Bian Gang (A. D. 893) and Zhao Zhiwei (A. D. 1180) respec tively.
This article proves systematically the occurrence and development of the three calculation methods and corrects around 70 mistakes in relevant diagrams of Lou-ke. We recover ten kinds of concrete calculative formula and analyse their precision. The error of the first two calculative methods is between 3.8 and 7.9 minutes; the error of the last one is between 0.7 and 3.8 minutes, of which the former, the error in the Shou Shi Calender (A. D. 1281) by Gou Shoujin and others, reflected the highest precision level for the calculation of the length of Lou-ke round the clock in ancient China.
出处
《自然科学史研究》
CSCD
1990年第1期47-61,共15页
Studies in The History of Natural Sciences
