摘要
黄道是太阳在天球上的周年视运动的轨道。两汉时期，黄道概念及黄道坐标被引入了天文历法的理论与推算。文章分析两汉时期对冬至点位置、黄赤交角、二十八宿黄道距度等黄道坐标基本要素的测量，论述黄道概念在汉代天文学发展中的作用及其意义。文章还对中国最早的恒星位置的黄道坐标——“石氏星经”中的恒星“黄道内外度”进行了初步的数据分析和历史考证，认为最可能是在东汉时期测定的。最后文章从黄道坐标测量的角度，简要论述汉代天文学发展的一个重要特点，即从盖天说到浑天说的转变。
The concept of ecliptic and ecliptic coordinate system were first introduced into astronomical measurement and calculation during the Han Dynasty. This paper investigates the Han measurements related to the ecliptic system: the position of the winter solstice, the obliquity of the ecliptic , and the longitudinal width of the 28 lunar mansions. In doing these we illustrate the role and implication of the ecliptic on astronomy during the Han Dynasty. The paper also studies the data of the huangdao neiwai du in the Shishi Xingjing star catalogue, the first star catalogue in China. Our analysis shows that the huangdao neiwai du is equivalent to the distance to the ecliptic as measured along the great hour circle, and the data are most probably measured during the Later Han Dynasty. In the end of this paper, we argue that the development of the ecliptic system was due to the influence of the huntian cosmographical theory, which was to replace the gaitian theory to start a revolution in ancient Chinese astronomy.
出处
《自然科学史研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
2000年第2期143-154,共12页
Studies in The History of Natural Sciences
关键词
黄道
黄赤交角
黄道距离
汉代
天文学
ecliptic, obliqyity, huangdao qudu, neiwai du, Huntuan-Gaitian
