摘要
水资源问题将成为21世纪人类面临的最重要的自然资源问题,水资源危机将会是世界各国经济发展面临的"瓶颈"问题。随着30年来经济社会的快速发展,中国的水资源短缺、水环境恶化、洪涝灾害等水问题也日益突出。为满足经济社会快速发展的需要,在水资源开发利用方式,水资源管理上必须要有新的转变和大的突破。本研究在分析了中国水资源现状特点的基础上,引入水足迹等人类影响指标,结合水生态系统服务功能,面状与线状结合,综合运用地理要素,初步对全国水流域进行水生态功能分区。试图为实现水资源的科学管理,维护国家水资源安全,揭示水生态系统健康状况与演变趋势,制定流域水生态系统保护和恢复策略,支撑国家水环境管理理念的转变提供相关理论支持。
Water resources are the basic elements of ecological environments, the indispensable basis for our survival, and the key to sustainable socioeconomic development. In the wake of population growth and development, the demand-supply imbalance of global water resources has become serious, and water shortages have become an important limiting factor for the sustainable development of many nations. Water shortages, water pollution, floods and water-logging disasters have threatened and restricted sustainable development and so it is necessary to evaluate the water resources management concept. Water footprint is an indicator of freshwater use that looks at direct water use and indirect water use, and can be regarded as a comprehensive indicator of freshwater resources appropriation, next to the traditional and restricted measure of water withdrawal. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of water stress, and the water footprint of production in China. Water eco-function zoning in China was conducted according to three-order basins and combined with water ecosystem service assessment theory. The water coo-function zoning scheme in China revealed six first level eco-function zones： the Northeast Songliao Mountain and Plain Less Water Zone, North China Huang Sea and Huai Sea Plain Less Water Zone, Northeast Inland Dry Scarce Water Zone, South Mountain Hill Wet Zone, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Water Tower Zone, Southwest Plateau Valley Wet Zone. There were 100 second level zones according to functional： water and water products supply function zone （life and production water, water products, shipping, hydropower, etc）; water resources habitat sustain function zone （biodiversity sustain, aquatic habitat, spawning ground, wintering ground, etc）; water resources environment regulation function zone （climate regulate, water self purification, reservation flood, etc）; and water recreation service function zone （tourism, culture and education, etc）. The study provides theoretical support for the scientific management of water resources and safeguards the security of national water resources. Our framework reveals water ecosystem health and trends in the development of watershed ecosystem protection and recovery strategies, and supports the transformation of national water resources management philosophy.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第9期1622-1628,共7页
Resources Science
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(编号:2006BAC18B01)
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所"一三五"战略科技计划项目(编号:2012ZD007)
关键词
水足迹
水资源压力
水资源管理
水生态功能分区
Water footprint
Water stress
Water resources management
Water coo-function zoning
