摘要
在推动全球气候变化治理的进程中,美国政府遭遇了体制与能力的二元困境:既要平衡体制内部的矛盾,融合地方和党派的分歧,达成政治妥协;又要提高谈判能力,以主导气候变化谈判机制建设,垄断话语权和发展空间分配权。因此,在全球气候变化治理中出现了一种矛盾现象:一方面,美国在全球治理谈判进程中拥有强大的谈判能力;另一方面,由美国的体制衍生而来的分化消极态度极大约束了其在气候外交和全球谈判的手脚。本文试图从美国的体制和能力两个维度来分析这一现象,认为美国强大的谈判能力和日趋分化的决策体制之间的失衡将不可避免地促使其在全球气候环境治理中的领导地位不断下降。美国气候外交在不同的时期表现有所差异,不能将其简单归因于政党政治和利益集团或者执政党领袖等因素,而是美国体制问题和谈判能力二元互动的产物。
In process of promoting global climate change governance , the U.S.government is trapped between the dualities of power and institutions : on the one hand it seeks to balance internal institutional contradictions between parties and localities by arriving at a political compromise ; on the other hand it wants to increase its bargaining power so that it can guide the establishment of mechanisms for climate change talks and monopolize the development of space for dialogue.As a result , a contradiction has emerged in international climate governance : while the U.S.has strong bargaining power in the dialogue on global governance , problems rooted in American institutions have brought about a negative attitude and tie the hand of the U.S.with respect to its climate change diplomacy.This article analyzes the problem from the standpoint of U.S.institutions and power , and argues that the combination of strong bargaining power but increasingly divided decision making institutions will inevitably result in the continued erosion of the U.S.leadership position in global climate change governance talks.American climate diplomacy has exhibited very different characteristics during different periods , and it is not possible to simply dismiss this as a result of partisanship or the role of interest groups or party leadership , but is instead a product of the duality of U.S.institutional defects and its bargaining power.
出处
《当代亚太》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第4期113-129,159-160,共17页
Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目"限容和创新:气候变化两大挑战的综合研究"(项目批准号:09BGJ008)
"南北极环境综合考察与评估专项"(项目编号:CHINARE2012-04-05)的阶段性成果
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划"气候变化谈判综合问题的关键技术研究"(课题编号:2012BAC20B02)的阶段性成果
关键词
美国气候外交
体制
谈判能力
全球治理
American Climate Diplomacy
Institutions
Bargaining Power
Global Governance
