3Max Aebi(瑞士),Vincent Arlet(美国),John K Webb(英国).AO脊柱手册—原理与技巧[M].陈仲强,袁文,主译.济南:山东科学技术出版社,2010:166-179,190-196..
4Grob D,Crisco J JIII,Panjabi MM,et al.Biomechanicale-vol ution of four different posterior atlantoaxial fixation tech-niques[J].Spine,1992,17(5):480-490.
7[1]Seybold EA,Bayley JC.Functional outcome of surgically and conservatively managed dens fractures.Spine,1998,23:1837 -1846
8Magerl F,Seemann PS.Stable Posterior Fusion of the Atlas and Axis by Transarticular Scsew Fixation[M].In:Kehr P,Weidner A(eds).Cervical Spine 1.Vienna:Springer-verlag,1987.322-327.
9Fang HSY, Ong GB. Direct approach to the upper cervical spine[J].J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1962,44:1588-1604.
10Tuite GF, Veres R, Crockard HA, et al. Pediatric transoral surgery:indications complications,and loug-term outcome[J].J Neurosurg, 1996, 84(4) :573 -583.