摘要
建国以来 ,我国粮食生产呈波浪型上了四个台阶 ,粮食总产量分别达到了 2亿t、3亿t、4亿t、5亿t。总的来说 ,粮食产量呈现起伏涨落但缓慢上升的趋势。过去 50年 ,我国的粮食生产及布局发生了巨大的变化。首先 ,粮食增长逐渐由以前的单产和总产并重转变为以提高单产为主。其次 ,粮食结构也发生了变化 ,很长一段时间 ,我国的粮食增长主要依赖于水稻增产 ,80年代以后 ,水稻在粮食生产中的比重迅速下降 ,而小麦和玉米所占比重则在上升。第三 ,粮食生产的区域地位也有一些变化 ,北方粮食生产地位上升 ,而南方下降。如果将我国划分为东、中、西三个区 ,粮食增长的中心越来越集中于中部地区。第四 ,粮食的供需形势发生了变化 ,北方地区粮食自给程度提高 ,而南方地区正好相反。过去是南粮北运 ,而现在的粮食调出主要依赖北方。导致这些变化发生的主要原因是粮食生产比较效益低下及北方地区复种指数增加以及丰富的自然资源带来的种植区扩大。此外 ,市场和运输条件的变化也是原因之一。
Since the founding of P.R.China,food production in China has mounted four steps,namely the two hundred million ton step,the three hundred million ton step,the four hundred million ton step and the five hundred million ton step.In general,food production presents the tendency of fluctuation but rising slowly.Great changes of food production in China and its distribution have taken place in the past 50 years.First,the food increase has been changing slowly from seeking the increase of both gross production and the production per capita to seeking mainly the increase of production per capita.Second,food structure has changed;for a long time food increase depended on rice,but sine the 1980s,the ratio of rice in the total food has decreased greatly and the ratio of wheat and corn has increased separately in the meantime.Third,the regional situation of food production has been changing,which can be seen by the rise in the north region and fall in the south region.When we divide China into the east,the middle and the west regions,it can be seen that the sites of food increase tended more and more to gather in the middle region.Fourth,there have been some changes in the food supply demand situation.the degree of self sufficiency in the north region is increasing,while is falling in the south region,besides the direction of food transportation is changing from transporting cereals to north to relying mainly on the north region.These changes are due to the following reasons:Low comparative benefit the food production is the main reason,in the meanwhile,the increase of multiple crop index and plentiful natural resources in the northern regions have led to the immense increase cultivated area,the differences of the market and transportation situation are also contributory to this change.
出处
《长江流域资源与环境》
CAS
CSSCI
CSCD
2000年第2期221-228,共8页
Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin
