摘要
目的:探讨学前期和学龄期孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorders,ASD)儿童的睡眠行为的特点和差异。方法:选取符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-IV)诊断标准的ASD儿童84名和年龄性别匹配的正常儿童91名,使用儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ)和一周睡眠日记,由儿童主要照顾者记录儿童的睡眠情况。依据CSHQ总分大于41分为睡眠不良,以具体条目中睡眠行为发生频率超过2晚/周的标准界定睡眠行为问题,分3～5岁和6～12岁两个年龄段比较ASD与对照组儿童在睡眠行为和习惯上的差异。结果:3～5岁ASD组儿童CSHQ的睡眠潜伏期[(2.1±0.8)vs.(1.6±0.7)]、睡眠持续情况[(5.4±1.7)vs.(4.8±1.3)]得分高于对照组,入睡困难(77.6%vs.49.0%)、睡眠量不足(63.3%vs.42.9%)、夜醒哭闹(34.7%vs.12.2%)及日间疲乏(36.7%vs.10.2%)的比例较对照组高(均P<0.05)。6～12岁ASD儿童平时睡眠总时长短于对照组[(8.68±0.76)h vs.(9.33±1.00)h],CSHQ的入睡抵触[(10.1±2.8)vs.(8.6±2.5)]、睡眠潜伏期[(1.7±0.7)vs.(1.4±0.6)]与睡眠焦虑[(5.4±2.0)vs.(4.5±1.9)]得分高于对照组,入睡困难(54.3%vs.31.0%)、睡眠量不足(60.0%vs.35.7%)、与父母同睡(65.7%vs.38.1%)、入睡需陪伴(68.6%vs.35.7%)的比例较对照组高(均P<0.05)。结论:ASD儿童普遍存在睡眠总量少、入睡困难等问题,学龄前期以夜醒后哭闹和白天疲倦较为突出,而学龄期则以睡眠焦虑较为明显。
Objective： To explore the sleep behavior in preschool and school-age children with autism spec- trum disorders （ASD）. Methods： Totally 84 children with ASD meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition （DSM-IV） and 91 age-, sex-matched healthy children were selected. Their sleep behaviors and habits were obtained from their parents by the Chinese version of Children＇s Sleep Habits Question- naire（CSHQ） and an one-week sleep diary. A cutoff point of 41 in CSHQ was applied to define poor sleep. Abnormal sleep behavior occurred more than 2 nights per week was defined as a problem. ASD children di- vided into two age groups （3 -5 years and 6 - 12 years） were separately compared with normal control group of their sleep habits and behaviors. Results： ASD children aged 3 - 5 years scored higher than normal control group in sleep latency[（2.1± 0.8） vs. （1.6 ±0.7）,P〈0.05] and sleep duration [（5.4±1.7） vs. （4.8 ± 1.3）,P 〈0. 05]. A higher proportion of them had ＂difficulties in falling asleep in 20 min＂ （77.6% vs. 49.0% ）,＂ slept less＂ （ 63.3 % vs. 42.9 % ）, ＂struggled after night wakings＂ （ 34.7 % vs. 12. 2 % ）, and ＂felt fatigue at daytime＂ （36. 7% vs. 10. 2% ）, Ps 〈 0.05. ASD children aged 6 - 12 years slept less than control group during weekdays [（8.68±0. 76） h vs. （9. 33± 1.00） h, P 〈0. 05]. They scored higher than control group in bedtime resistance [（10.1 ±2.8） vs. （8. 6 ±2. 5）], sleep latency [（1.7±0.7） vs.（1.4±0.6）] and sleep anxiety [（5.4±2.0） vs. （4. 5 ± 1.9）, Ps 〈0. 05]. More of them had ＂difficulties in falling asleep in 20 min＂ （54. 3% vs. 31.0%）, ＂slept less＂ （60. 0% vs. 35.7%）, ＂ slept with parents＂ （65.7% vs. 38.1%） and ＂ needed company during bedtime＂ （68.6% vs. 35.7% ）, Ps 〈0.05. Conclusion： It suggests that ASD children may have less sleep amount and more difficulties in falling asleep. Preschool ASD children may struggle after night-waking and suffer from fatigue during the day, while school-age ASD children may have more sleep anxiety.
出处
《中国心理卫生杂志》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第6期471-475,共5页
Chinese Mental Health Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金(30600207
81171293)
广东省科技计划项目(2011B031800020)
关键词
孤独症谱系障碍
儿童
睡眠
儿童睡眠习惯问卷
autism spectrum disorders, children, sleep, the Children＇s Sleep Habits Questionnaire
