摘要
从对酸铝敏感的栽培大麦品种“早熟3号”的花药和幼胚培养物中,分别诱导了单倍体和二倍体愈伤组织。并筛选出生长快、质地松散的愈伤组织系,在不同的 pH、铝浓度培养基中观察其生长情况,建立耐酸铝愈伤组织变异体筛选条件(pH 4.5,Al^(+3)10 ppm)。并从经5000Rad γ-射线处理和未处理的材料中筛选到耐性变异体。比较结果表明,在酸铝条件下,变异体与原始型在愈伤组织生长速度、呼吸强度上存在显著差异。并且在 pH4.5,Al^(+3)10—20ppm时,变异体能基本正常生长,细胞呈圆形,荧光强度测定表明细胞活力大;而原始型在同样条件下基本停止生长,细胞呈长柱形和椭圆形,荧光强度弱、活力低。两者间过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱也存在差异。至今还未能从单倍体耐性变异系分化成植株,但在二倍体愈伤组织的筛选过程中直接成苗5株,3株在越夏和移栽中死亡。对存活结种子的2株后代鉴定结果为耐性,适应在酸铝红壤上生长,但农艺性状和品质性状还需进一步改良。最后,讨论了离体筛选技术在改良大麦耐酸铝性育种中的应用。
The haploid and diploid calli were induced respectively from anther and immature em- broy cultures in barley cultivar‘Zhaoshu No.3’,which is susceptible to acid-aluminum.In ord- er to establish the selection conditions,these calli were cultured on the media with different pH values and aluminum concentrations to examine response to acid-aluminum.It was showed that pH 6—8 was optimal for the growth of calli and pH values under 5 or over 10 inhibited the growth of calli significantly and the selection medium was at pH 4.5 and 10 ppm Al^(+3).The callus lines toleranted to 10—20 ppm Al^(+3) have been selected from calli treated with 5000 rad γ-ray radiation or no treatment.In the conditions of pH 4.5 and 10 ppm Al^(+3),the cells of orig- inal type were irregularly ellipsoide,dimly fluorescent and low respiratory intensity and didn't grow,while the cells of Al-tolerant callus line were spherical,brilliant fluorescent and high respiratory intensity and continued to grow.Isozymes of peroxidase in Al-tolerant variant was somewhat different from that of original type.No plant was regenerated from Al-tolerant hap- loid calli,but 5 regenerated plants were obtained from diploid calli in selected subculture.Two of them survived were examined to be tolerant to pH 4.5,10—20 ppm Al^(+3) and were able to grow in acid-aluminumredish soil.Finally,the application of in vitro culture and selection for genetic improvement of Al-tolerance in barley was discussed briefly on the basis of the results obtained in the present study.
关键词
大麦
组织培养
耐铝性
离体筛选
Barley
Tissue culture
In-vitro selection
Aluminum-tolerance
