摘要
本文根据柽柳群落特征及立地生态因子,划分出壤土、盐土及风沙土三个适生型,每公顷现存总生物量分別为:14.2395,15.5580和3.6090t。总生物量(WL)与其冠幅直径(K)的关系式分别为:WL=-20.0672+25.4673K,WL=-77.4967+58.9092K和WL=-19.1760+29.9457K。并提出壤土适应型可有计划地分区利用,每5年带状平割一次;盐土适生型,应控制利用强度,除取其干枯枝为薪外,可先平割灌丛的一半,待5年后更新灌丛达到一定高度和冠幅,再平割剩留部分;风沙土适生型,以发挥其生态功能为主,为了更新,可先平割灌丛的1/3,5和10年后分两次平割剩留的2/3。
There are more than ten species of Tamarix in Xinjiang.The main ecological types are. 1. The type adaptable to loam; it spreads over the depression along the river bank, and the lower part or the fringe of alluvial-diluvial fans. 2. The type adaptable to saline soil; it spreads over the fringe of the alluvial-diluvial fans or the delta, and the river terraces of the plain. 3. The types adaptable to sand; it spreads over the ancient alluvial plain or the upper part of the alluvial fans.The data of this study obtained from sampling points indicate that the correlation between the total biomass (WL) both above-and underground and the crown area(K) is significant. Forecasting models of the total biomass for the three types are: WL=-20.0672+25.4643K, WL=-77.4967+58.9092K, and WL=-19.176+29.9457K respectively; and their total biomasses, are 14.239, 15.558 and 3.6090t/ha^(-1) respectively; the ratios of the biomasses between above-ground and underground are 1:0.71, 1:0.81 and 1:2.09 respectively; the dendities of the bushes are 715.5, 120.0 and 40.5 clumps/ha^(-1) respectively. In respect of the management and utilization of the Tamarix of the loam type, it can be used as a source of firewood and for grazing. Rotational cutting may be carried out over divided regions: once every 3—5 years; for the saline soil type, it must be protected and utilized suitably by first cutting half of the clumps, and after 5 years cutting the other half, so as to prevent the soil from being desertified and salinized; for the sand type, it must be protected absolutely and digging of its roots for fuel must be strictly forbidden. For regeneration, the clumps can be cut only one-third of the total height, and after 5 to 10 years cut another two-thirds of it. The way to develop the Tamarix is to irrigate the low flat lands on which it grows and to combine natural with manual spreading of seeds.
