摘要
首先简要分析了饮用水中微污染物的种类、来源及其危害性,并指出纳米材料在饮用水微污染物的检测与去除中蕴含着巨大的发展潜力。其次,结合国内外相关研究进展,以及本课题组近年来在此领域开展的部分研究工作,阐述了纳米材料对有效检测与高效去除饮用水中微污染物的重要作用。其中,着重针对饮用水中的有机微污染物和重金属离子的检测,介绍了纳米电化学检测、纳米光学检测(包括荧光、旋光、表面增强拉曼光谱)以及电导型纳米传感检测的方法。对于饮用水净化,则以纳米材料吸附和光催化降解为例简要论述。最后,提出了未来纳米材料在饮用水中微污染物检测和去除领域发展的几点展望。
This paper first briefly discusses the category, source and harm of the micro-pollutants in drinking water and points out the great potential of nanomaterial in detecting and removal of micro-pollutants in drinking water. Secondly, based on the research in the past few years and the studies of this group, this paper describes the important function of nanomaterial in detecting and removing the micro-pollutants in drinking water. Among all the detecting methods, nano-electrochemical method, nano-optical approach （including fluorescence, optical rota- tion and surface-enhanced Raman scattering） and conductometric nano-sensor route are emphasized. Moreover, the nanomaterial-based adsorption and photocatalytic degradation for purifying the drinking water are also dis- cussed. At last, the paper proposes several prospects of nanomaterial-based detection and removal of micro-pollutants in drinking water.
基金
国家重大科学研究计划纳米专项(2011CB933700)
国家自然科学基金(51002157
61071054
90923033)
关键词
纳米材料
饮用水
微污染物
检测
净化
nanomaterials
drinking water
micro-pollutants
detection
purification
