摘要
研究历史品种产量潜力变化规律有助于提高小麦育种水平。2007—2009连续2年度将来自四川、云南、甘肃和新疆的代表性59个品种分别种植在四川成都、云南丽江、甘肃武威和新疆昌吉,在肥水供应充足、控制病虫害和倒伏的条件下分析了产量和相关农艺性状的变化趋势。结果表明,四川、云南、甘肃和新疆品种的产量随育成年份显著增加,年遗传增益分别为0.73%、0.34%、0.58%和1.43%。产量遗传增益四川品种表现与产量构成因子关系不密切;云南品种主要表现为减少穗数和增加穗粒数;甘肃品种主要表现为增加穗粒数;新疆品种主要表现为增加主穗粒重和收获指数,并与成熟期提早及株高降低有一定关系。各地区品种中Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b矮秆基因均来自CIMMYT种质,其产量潜力的提高主要得益于CIMMYT种质的引进和有效利用,在四川和云南,CIMMYT种质的主要贡献是提高品种的条锈病抗性;而在甘肃和新疆,其被利用的主要特性是矮秆、高产、穗粒数多及广泛适应性。
Information on advances in wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） productivity is essential for genetic improvement on yield potential. Four yield potential trials with totally 59 leading cultivars from Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Xinjiang, China were conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications under controlled environments in two successive cropping seasons from 2007 to 2009. The experimental sites were located in Chengdu in Sichuan province, Lijiang in Yunnan province, Wuwei in Gansu province, and Changji in Xinjiang province. Molecular markers were used to detect the presence of dwarfing genes and 1B/1R translocation. The results indicated that the annual genetic gain in yield in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Xinjiang was 0.73%, 0.34%, 0.58%, and 1.43%, respectively. There was no obvious trend of yield component improvement for yield increase in Sichuan province; while reduced spikes per square meter and increased kernels per spike were the main factor for yield increase in Yunnan province; increased kernels per spike were the main factor for yield increase in Gansu province; and increased kernel weight of main spike and harvest index were the main factor for yield increase in Xinjiang province, together with the contribution from reduced plant height and earlier maturity. It also indicated that the dwarfing genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b were all from CIMMYT lines, and the significant progresses of genetic gain in yield in the four provinces were mainly due to the direct and indirect use of CIMMYT germplasm. Stripe rust resistance was the main contribution of CIMMYT germplasm in Sichuan and Yunnan; while CIMMYT germplasm contributed to high yield potential with high kernel number per spike, short plant height, and wide adaptability in Xinjiang and Gansu.
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第10期1752-1762,共11页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划)重大国际合作项目(2006-G2)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助
