摘要
目的测量不同卧位压疮好发部位的体表压力,探索体表压力的分布特点及影响因素,为临床压疮防护提供参考。方法抽取200名健康志愿者取仰卧位、45°半侧卧位、90°侧卧位或45°半坐卧位,运用简易测压装置测量压疮好发部位的体表压力。结果不同性别志愿者不同卧位时体表压力分布差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01),男性体表压力普遍高于女性;不同卧位时,体表相同受压部位的压力存在统计学差异(P<0.05,P<0.01),半坐卧位时的骶尾部压力最大。志愿者取不同卧位时,身高、体质量及BMI与局部体表压力呈显著正相关(均P<0.01)。结论各种卧位男性体表压力均高于女性,半侧卧位各受压点压力相对较轻。护理人员可根据体表压力分布特点选用适当卧位,以减少压疮的发生。
Objective To measure the interface pressures at predilection sites and to explore the distribution characteristics and inf-luencing factors of interface pressures in four varied positions.Methods Two hundred healthy volunteers were asked to lie in four varied positions（supine position,semilateral position at 45°,semilateral position at 90°,and Semi-Fowler′s position at 45°）.The interface pressures at predilection sites when the volunteers took varied positions were measured and recorded by using a simple pressure-measuring device.Results The interface pressures of the same local pressed sites in varied positions between genders had significant differences（P0.01 for all）,with males generally higher than females.The interface pressures of the same local pressed sites in varied positions had significant differences（P0.05,P0.01）,with the interface pressure at the sacrococcygeal region in 45° Semi-Fowler′s position being the highest.When the volunteers took varied positions,their height,body weight,and body mass index were positively correlated with local interface pressure（P0.01 for all）.Conclusion The interface pressure of the same local pressed site is higher in males than in females.A 45-degree lateral position produces less interface pressures at all predilection sites.In order to decrease the incidence of pressure ulcers,nursing personnel should assist patients in lying in an appropriate position with references to the distribution characteristics of interface pressure.
基金
浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划(新苗人才计划)资助项目(2010R413022)
关键词
压疮
卧位
体表压力
分布
仰卧位
侧卧位
半坐卧位
pressure ulcer
positions
interface pressure
distribution
supine position
semilateral position
Semi-Fow-ler′s position
