摘要
对黄籽白菜型（Brassicanapus），甘蓝型（B．rapa），芥菜型（B．juncea）和白芥（Sinapisalba）（共27个样品）的粕和普通的褐籽卡诺拉（7个样品）的粕的营养特性进行了评价。平均来看，与褐籽相比，黄籽中蔗糖（8．7％对7．5％）和蛋白质（44．5％对42．7％）较高，但寡聚糖（2．3％对2．5％），灰分6．9％对7．0％）和非淀粉多糖（20．4％对19．7％）含量相似。总日粮纤维黄籽样品平均为28％，褐籽为对33％，与蛋白质含量呈负相关（r＝－0．71）。不同环境条件下种植的普通褐籽油菜中也存在这种负相关关系。通过体外（invitro）测定可消化蛋白质含量来建立卡诺拉菜籽加工的最佳条件。当温度上升到（108±1）℃时，3个脱脂样品的可消化蛋白质含量显著增加。热处理低于105℃不能有效促进蛋白质消化率。高温处理（＞110℃）显著降低蛋白质消化率。选择最佳的湿热处理条件加工种籽样品后用于进一步的体内评价。样品包括黄籽，芥菜型（B．juncea），和褐籽卡诺拉。用4日龄肉仔鸡进行2周的生长试验评价能量和氨基酸有效性和总的饲喂品质。2个黄籽的甘蓝型（B．rapa）和褐籽的商品粕作为对照样品。真代谢能（TME_n）含量在黄籽白菜型（B．anpus）样品中最高。喂商品粕和实验室制备的甘蓝型（B．rapa）及黄?
Evaluation of the nutritive profiles of the meals derived from yellow-seeded Brassica napus, B. rapa, B.juncea, B. carinata and Sinapis alba genotypes (27 samples) and conventional brown-seeded canola (7 samples) was under-taken On average, in comparison to brown-seeded, yellow-seeded types contained more sucrose (8 .7% vs 7. 5%) and pro-tein (44.5% vs 42.7%), but similar amounts of oligosaccharides (2.3% vs 2.5% ), ash (6.9% vs 7.0%), and nonstarch polysaccharides (20.4% vs 19.7%). Total dietary fibre averaged 28% for yellow-seeded samples and 33% for brown-seeded samples and was negatively correlated (r = - 0.71) with protein content. The negative relationship between protein and dietary fibre contents was also eviden for the sample of conventional canola grown under different environment conditions. An in vitro digestible protein measurement was used to establish optimal conditions for the processing of canola seed. Digestible protein content of three oil free seed samples increased substantially with increased temperature of moist heat treatment up to (108 ±1)℃. Heat treatment below 105℃ was not effective in promoting protein digestibility. Application of higher temperatures (>110℃) resulted in a significant decline in protein digestibility. The optimal most heat treatment conditions were chosen for processing of the seed samples selected for further evaluation in vivo. The samples included the yellow-seeded B. napus, B.juncea and B. rapa and the brown-seeded B. napus canola. Availability of energy and amino acids and the overall feeding quality as determined in a 2-week growth trial with 4-day-old broiler chickcns were assessed. Two commercial meals from yel-low-seeded B. rapa and brown-seeded B. napus canola served as control samples. Availability of amino acids averaged 84. 1% with only minor differences among the samples. True metabolizable energy (TME_n) content was highst in the yellow-seeded B. napus sample. There were no differences in weight gain of broiler chickens fed the commercial or laboratory pre-pared B. rapa and the yellow- and brown-seeded B. napus meals. Chickens fed B. juncea meal showh significantly lower feed intake and body weigh gain which appeared to be attributed to a relatively high content of aliphatic glucosinolates in this particular meal (ie, 21. 7 μmol/g). Birds fed the yellow-seeded B. napus canola showed the highest feed efficiency value which averaged 1. 51 and differed significantly from that of 1. 59 and 1. 61 for the commercial yellow-seeded B. rapa and the laboratory prepared brown-seeded B. napus canola, respectively. It may be surmised that future cultivars of yellow-seeded canola will have improved nutritive value. Effective introduction of Brassica juncea and Sinapis alba as new crops for the Cana-dian Prairies would necessitate further quality improvement by lowering the glucosinolate content.
出处
《华中农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1999年第6期558-566,共9页
Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University
关键词
褐籽卡诺拉
油菜籽
日粮纤维
体外蛋白消化率
canola, rapeseed, chemical composition, seed colour, dietary fibre, in vitro protein digestibility, heat treatment, nutritive value
