1Voggenreiter G, Neudeck F, Aufmkolk M, et al. Operative chest wall stabilization in flail chest-outcomes of patients with or withoutpulmonary contusion. J Am Coil Surg, 1998,187 : 130 - 138.
2Tanaka H, Yukioka T, Yamaguti ~, et al. Surgical stabilization of internal pneumatic stabilization? A prospective randomized study of management of severe flail chest patients. J Trauma, 2002, 52: 727 - 732.
3Granetzny A, Abd E1-Aal M, Emam E, et al. Surgical versus conser- vative treatment of flail chest. Evaluation of the puhnonary status. In- teract Cardiovasc Thorac Surg,2005 ,4 :583 -587.
4Balci AE, Eren S, Cakir O, et al. Open fixation in flail chest: re- view of 64 patients. Asian Cardiovase Thorac Ann ,2004,12 : 11 - 15.
5Cacchione RN, Richardson JD, Seligson D. Painful nonunion of mul- tiple rib fractures managed by operative stabilization. J Trauma, 2000,48:319 - 321.
6Ng AB, Giannoudis PV, Bismil Q, et al. Operative stabilisation of painful non-united multiple rib fractures. Injury, 2001, 32: 637 - 639.